Bat Influenza Viruses: Making a Double Agent of MHC Class II

Banerjee, Arinjay; Mossman, Karen; Miller, Matthew S.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2020.04.006

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The HA proteins can be further broken down into Group 1 (H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, H12, H13, H16) and Group 2 (H3, H4, H7, H10, H14, H15). However, the most recent H17N10 and H18N11 viruses discovered in bats are unique in that their HAs do not bind sialic acid, but rather MHC Class II [77][78][79]. Similarly, N10 and N11 lack sialidase activity, again highlighting the distinct entry and exit mechanisms of these subtypes and the plasticity of IAVs [80,81].…”

Section: Influenza Viruses and Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils and Influenza: A Thin Line between Helpful and Harmful

George

Lai

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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Influenza viruses are one of the most prevalent respiratory pathogens known to humans and pose a significant threat to global public health each year. Annual influenza epidemics are responsible for 3–5 million infections worldwide and approximately 500,000 deaths. Presently, yearly vaccinations represent the most effective means of combating these viruses. In humans, influenza viruses infect respiratory epithelial cells and typically cause localized infections of mild to moderate severity. Neutrophils are the first innate cells to be recruited to the site of the infection and possess a wide range of effector functions to eliminate viruses. Some well-described effector functions include phagocytosis, degranulation, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, while these mechanisms can promote infection resolution, they can also contribute to the pathology of severe disease. Thus, the role of neutrophils in influenza viral infection is nuanced, and the threshold at which protective functions give way to immunopathology is not well understood. Moreover, notable differences between human and murine neutrophils underscore the need to exercise caution when applying murine findings to human physiology. This review aims to provide an overview of neutrophil characteristics, their classic effector functions, as well as more recently described antibody-mediated effector functions. Finally, we discuss the controversial role these cells play in the context of influenza virus infections and how our knowledge of this cell type can be leveraged in the design of universal influenza virus vaccines.

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Section: Influenza Viruses and Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils and Influenza: A Thin Line between Helpful and Harmful

George

Lai

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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“…Therefore, bats may only be susceptible to bat-borne influenza viruses and virus susceptibility, transmission, and replication could be species-specific. Despite this, the discovery of MHC-II molecules in bats and utilization of MHC-II by bat IAV subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 for cellular entry raises concerns of virus evolution and potential spillover (Karakus et al, 2019;Banerjee et al, 2020b). Although bats appear not to be susceptible to IAVs originating directly in poultry, their potential susceptibility to diverse influenza viruses should not be excluded in the absence of in vivo studies.…”

Section: Experimental In Vivo Infection Studies In Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, ecological, and behavioral drivers of the bat-virus relationship

Gonzalez

Banerjee

2022

iScience

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“…Unlike avian and human influenza, which uses sialic acid receptors, bat flu uses MHC II to enter cells (Karakus et al., 2019). Meanwhile, bat H17N10 and H18N11 viruses can also enter cells through the MHC II homologues encoded by pigs, humans and chickens, demonstrating the potential for bat influenza to spread across species (Banerjee, Mossman, et al., 2020; Karakus et al., 2019). Ferrets are a common model for conventional influenza viruses, but bat flu infects ferrets with no disease response (Ciminski et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to influenza virus (H1N1) infection in mice

Liu

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Pathogens from wild animals cause approximately 60% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Studies on the immune systems of natural hosts are helpful for preventing the spread of EIDs. Bats are natural hosts for many emerging infectious pathogens and have a unique immune system that often coexists with pathogens without infection.Previous studies have shown that some genes and proteins may help bats fight virus infection, but little is known about the function of the bat gut microbiome on immunity. Here, we transplanted gut microbiota from wild bats (Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros armiger) into antibiotic-treated mice, and found that the gut microbiota from bats regulated the immune system faster than mice after antibiotic treatment. Moreover, we infected mice with H1N1, and found that the gut microbiota of bats could effectively protect mice, leading to decreased inflammatory response and increased survival rate. Finally, metabolomics analysis showed that the gut microbiota of bats produced more flavonoid and isoflavones. Our results demonstrate that the quick-start innate immune response endowed by bat gut microbiota and the regulatory and antiviral effects of gut microbiota metabolites successfully ensured mouse survival after viral challenge. To our knowledge, our study was the first to use fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transplant the gut microbiota of bats into mice, and the first to provide evidence that the gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to viral infections.

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Bat Influenza Viruses: Making a Double Agent of MHC Class II

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Neutrophils and Influenza: A Thin Line between Helpful and Harmful

Neutrophils and Influenza: A Thin Line between Helpful and Harmful

Molecular, ecological, and behavioral drivers of the bat-virus relationship

The gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to influenza virus (H1N1) infection in mice

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