Bat rabies surveillance in Finland

Nokireki, Tiina; Huovilainen, Anita; Lilley, Thomas M.; Kyheröinen, Eeva-Maria; Ek-Kommonen, Christine; Sihvonen, Liisa; Jakava-Viljanen, Miia

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-174

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…More than 900 and 148 oral swabs have earlier been examined in Scotland and Switzerland, respectively, with only one EBLV-2 RNA positive Daubenton's bat detected in each country (23). No virus RNA was detected in 766 and 218 swabs, respectively, in two other studies from the UK (22, 29), and none in 774 and 124 swabs, respectively, in two separate studies from Finland (14, 30). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In contrast, antibodies neutralizing lyssavirus have been found in a number of various bat species in the UK, Germany, Switzerland, Finland, Spain, and Norway (14, 15, 31). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Seropositive Daubenton's bats have been reported from the UK, Finland, Switzerland (14, 23), and now also in Sweden. Because of the broad serological cross-reactivity between EBLV-1 and EBLV-2 (32–35), the specificity of the detected virus neutralization antibodies (VNAs) cannot be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lyssavirus-reactive antibodies in Swedish bats

Hammarin

Berndtsson

Falk

et al. 2016

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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IntroductionTo study the presence of European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) infections in bat reservoirs in Sweden, active surveillance was performed during the summers from 2008 to 2013.Material and methodsBat specimens were collected at >20 bat colonies in the central, southeastern, and southern parts of Sweden. In total, blood and saliva of 452 bats were examined by a virus neutralization test and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs).Results and discussionEBLV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 14 Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii), all trapped in Skåne or Småland (south and southeast of Sweden). The result was not unexpected since EBLV has been shown to be present in many neighboring countries, for example, Denmark, Finland, Germany, and Norway. However, Sweden has been regarded free of rabies in terrestrial mammals since 1896. Although very rare, spillover of EBLV into other animals and humans have occurred, and the risk of EBLV infection to other species including humans should not be ignored. This is the first report of lyssavirus infection in Swedish bats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In contrast, antibodies neutralizing lyssavirus have been found in a number of various bat species in the UK, Germany, Switzerland, Finland, Spain, and Norway (14, 15, 31). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Lyssavirus-reactive antibodies in Swedish bats

Hammarin

Berndtsson

Falk

et al. 2016

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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“…These conclusions may differ from that found by other authors in other countries where the lack of findings suggests the absence of an active rabies infection (Mani et al, 2017). Thereby, active bat surveillance for RABV in other countries has also reported a very low prevalence of viral antigen or nucleic acid in healthy bat populations (Picard-Meyer et al, 2011;Nokireki et al, 2013;Ellison et, 2014;Schatz et al, 2014) The lack of a sampling with longer duration and/ or with greater expansion of the search area could be a limiting factor of this study for the lack of positive results. Also as a limitation of the study, a larger number of specimens could have been sent for diagnosis, which would increase the chance of detection.…”

Section: Carollia Perspicillata D Rotundus and A Lituratusmentioning

confidence: 77%

Serological Survey of Rabies Virus Infection among Bats in Brazil

Horta

Oliveira

Miranda

et al. 2018

VR&R

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Rabies is a disease caused by a virus belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus (RABV), and is characterized as a progressive and acute encephalitis that presents high lethality. Between 2002 and 2012, 2149 wild animals were found positive for RABV in Brazil where 79% were associated with the aerial cycle of the disease. As part of the active surveillance of rabies in Brazil, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence of RABV infection in bats captured in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro city. Forty-four bats were tested for RABV at Institute Jorge Vaitsman (IJV), reference laboratory for rabies in Rio de Janeiro State. Of the individuals captured and sent for the diagnosis of rabies, a total of 15 were identified as being hematophagous, all of them belonging to the species Desmodus rotundus. Twenty-four individuals were considered as frugivorous, four as insectivores and one individual (Lonchophylla peracchii) identified as having a pollen/ nectar feeding habit. All specimen sent to RABV diagnosis presented negative results. Considering the active surveillance for RABV in Brazil, studies of fauna survey with serological characterization are important in the strengthening of epidemiological surveillance and protection of human life.

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“…In bold the best model selected. [14], [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064467.t003…”

Section: Ecological Factors Associated With Eblv-1-antibodies Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Factors Associated with European Bat Lyssavirus Seroprevalence in Spanish Bats

et al. 2013

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Bats have been proposed as major reservoirs for diverse emerging infectious viral diseases, with rabies being the best known in Europe. However, studies exploring the ecological interaction between lyssaviruses and their natural hosts are scarce. This study completes our active surveillance work on Spanish bat colonies that began in 1992. Herein, we analyzed ecological factors that might affect the infection dynamics observed in those colonies. Between 2001 and 2011, we collected and tested 2,393 blood samples and 45 dead bats from 25 localities and 20 bat species. The results for dead confirmed the presence of EBLV-1 RNA in six species analyzed (for the first time in Myotis capaccinii). Samples positive for European bat lyssavirus-1 (EBLV-1)–neutralizing antibodies were detected in 68% of the localities sampled and in 13 bat species, seven of which were found for the first time (even in Myotis daubentonii, a species to date always linked to EBLV-2). EBLV-1 seroprevalence (20.7%) ranged between 11.1 and 40.2% among bat species and seasonal variation was observed, with significantly higher antibody prevalence in summer (July). EBLV-1 seroprevalence was significantly associated with colony size and species richness. Higher seroprevalence percentages were found in large multispecific colonies, suggesting that intra- and interspecific contacts are major risk factors for EBLV-1 transmission in bat colonies. Although bat-roosting behavior strongly determines EBLV-1 variability, we also found some evidence that bat phylogeny might be involved in bat-species seroprevalence. The results of this study highlight the importance of life history and roost ecology in understanding EBLV-1–prevalence patterns in bat colonies and also provide useful information for public health officials.

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Bat rabies surveillance in Finland

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Lyssavirus-reactive antibodies in Swedish bats

Lyssavirus-reactive antibodies in Swedish bats

Serological Survey of Rabies Virus Infection among Bats in Brazil

Ecological Factors Associated with European Bat Lyssavirus Seroprevalence in Spanish Bats

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