Batch and continuous flow anodic oxidation of 2,4-dinitrophenol: Modeling, degradation pathway and toxicity

Pillai, Indu M. Sasidharan; Gupta, Ashok Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.08.020

Cited by 48 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Nitrophenols (NPs) are industrial chemicals used in many applications, such as the manufacturing of dyes, herbicides, plastics, and pesticides. Even though NPs are extensively used in the textile industry, their occurrence in textile material seems to be poorly investigated, in spite of some being classified as toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative [ 51 ]. They are common environmental pollutants, and the US Environmental Protection Agency has included 4-NP and 2,4-DNP in their priority list [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals in clothing textiles by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

et al. 2021

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The global manufacturing of clothing is usually composed of multistep processes, which include a large number of chemicals. However, there is generally no information regarding the chemical content remaining in the finished clothes. Clothes in close and prolonged skin contact may thus be a significant source of daily human exposure to hazardous compounds depending on their ability to migrate from the textiles and be absorbed by the skin. In the present study, twenty-four imported garments on the Swedish market were investigated with respect to their content of organic compounds, using a screening workflow. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization/high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for both suspect and non-target screening. The most frequently detected compound was benzothiazole followed by quinoline. Nitroanilines with suspected mutagenic and possible skin sensitization properties, and quinoline, a carcinogenic compound, were among the compounds occurring at the highest concentrations. In some garments, the level of quinoline was estimated to be close to or higher than 50,000 ng/g, the limit set by the REACH regulation. Other detected compounds were acridine, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, phthalates, nitrophenols, and organophosphates. Several of the identified compounds have logP and molecular weight values enabling skin uptake. This pilot study indicates which chemicals and compound classes should be prioritized for future quantitative surveys and control of the chemical content in clothing as well as research on skin transfer, skin absorption, and systemic exposure. The results also show that the current control and prevention from chemicals in imported garments on the Swedish market is insufficient. Graphical abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals in clothing textiles by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

et al. 2021

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“…Their statistical optimization found pH 6.59, NaCl concentration of 1.12 g/L, and current of 1.44 mA/cm 2 predicted 94.2 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in a batch reactor, which was confirmed by obtaining 93.9 % COD removal experimentally. A continuous-flow reactor showed the same COD removal trend using 0.5 g/L of electrolyte with 500 mL/h flow at a current density of 58 mA/cm 2 [44]. Hurwitz et al designed a photo-assisted electrochemical (UVEL) reactor with BDD and ruthenium oxide on titanium (DSA-Cl 2 ) as anodes to study the effect of an advanced oxidation process (AOP) and electrochemical hybrid techniques on phenol treatment.…”

Section: Electrochemical Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Review of Techniques for Phenol Removal from Wastewater

et al. 2016

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Phenolic compounds are priority pollutants with high toxicity even at low concentrations. In this review, the efficiency of both conventional and advanced treatment methods is discussed. The applicability of these treatments with phenol and some common derivatives is compared. Conventional treatments such as distillation, absorption, extraction, chemical oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation show high efficiencies with various phenolic compounds, while advanced treatments such as Fenton processes, ozonation, wet air oxidation, and photochemical treatment use less chemicals compared to the conventional ones but have high energy costs. Compared to physicochemical treatment, biological treatment is environmentally friendly and energy saving, but it cannot treat high concentration pollutants. Enzymatic treatment has proven to be the best way to treat various phenolic compounds under mild conditions with different enzymes such as peroxidases, laccases, and tyrosinases.

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“…People exposed to phenol acutely or chronically may suffer adverse health consequences, which may be quite serious depending on the degree of exposure [4]. Several techniques have been used to remove phenol from water and wastewater, including chemical oxidation [5,6], microbial degradation [7,8], membrane separation [9], photocatalytic degradation [10], solvent extraction [11], ultrasonic degradation [12], enzymatic polymerization [13], Fenton-like reactions [14], adsorption [15,16], and electrochemical oxidation [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic wastewater remediation employing nano zerovalent iron as a granular third electrode in an electrochemical reactor

Kadhum

Al-Kindi

Albayati

2020

Preprint

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The rise in toxic industrial and domestic wastewater due to urbanization makes it necessary to pursue new, alternative routes for the removal of refractory pollutants. In this study, both unsupported nano zerovalent iron (NZVI) and silty clay-supported nano zerovalent iron (SC-NZVI) were employed as a granular third electrode (3-D) in an electrochemical reactor. The electrochemical system with two aluminum electrodes as anode and cathode was performed as a granular third electrode treatment process to degrade aqueous phenol. The maximum removal rate of phenol using the tow electrodes electrochemical process (2-D) was 82%. The optimum conditions in a 2-D electrode were as follows: pH = 4, electrolysis time = 30 min, current density = 50 mA/cm2, electrode distance = 4 cm, and phenol concentration = 0.5 g/L. It was concluded that the 3-D electrode system exhibited high efficiency in removing phenolic wastewater in a third electrode system. The optimum conditions were as follows: pH = 2, electrolysis time = 30 min, current density = 50 mA/cm2, electrode distance = 4 cm, and phenol concentration = 0.5 g/L. The maximum removal efficiencies of phenol in the presence of a 3-D electrode with doses of NZVI = 1 g/L or SC-NZVI = 1.25 g/L were 96.1 and 97.8%, respectively.

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Batch and continuous flow anodic oxidation of 2,4-dinitrophenol: Modeling, degradation pathway and toxicity

Cited by 48 publications

References 41 publications

Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals in clothing textiles by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals in clothing textiles by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

A Short Review of Techniques for Phenol Removal from Wastewater

Phenolic wastewater remediation employing nano zerovalent iron as a granular third electrode in an electrochemical reactor

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