Batch drying of cuphea seeds

Cermak, Steven C.; Isbell, Terry A.; Isbell, Judd E.; Akerman, Gregory G.; Lowery, Benjamin A.; Deppe, Amy B.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.05.003

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…of 15, 30, 40, and 50 kDa. These protein fractions were still heavily concentrated in the cooked and screw-pressed Cuphea samples (lanes [3][4][5][6][7][8]. There were indications, though, that heating caused some modifications, such as the faintness or disappearance of the 6 kDa (lanes 3-6 and 8) and 90 kDa (lanes 3,4, 6, and 8) bands, loss of the minor 36 kDa fraction, and the slight narrowing of protein band widths in the CF and PC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of cooking and screw‐pressing on functional properties of Cuphea PSR23 seed proteins

Hojilla-Evangelista

Evangelista

2006

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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This investigation determined the effects of oil processing conditions on some functional properties of Cuphea PSR23 seed proteins to evaluate their potential for value-added uses. Flaked Cuphea seeds were cooked at 82°C (180°F) for 30, 75, or 120 min in the seed conditioner and then screw-pressed to extract the oil. Cooked flakes and press cakes were analyzed for proximate composition and protein functional properties. Results were compared with those of unprocessed ground, defatted Cuphea seeds. Protein from unprocessed Cuphea seeds had excellent emulsifying properties, poor foaming properties, poor solubility (10%) at pH 4-7, and much greater solubility at pH 2 and 10 (57 and 88%, respectively). Solubility profiles showed that cooking the flaked seeds to 82°C for 30 min resulted in a 50-60% reduction in soluble proteins. Cooking for 120 min gave <6% soluble proteins at all pH levels. Cooking for 75 min gave good oil yields but also resulted in <10% soluble proteins at pH 2-7 and 25% soluble proteins at pH 10. Seed cooking and screw pressing during oil extraction had significant detrimental effects on the solubility of Cuphea seed protein but generally improved its foaming capacity and emulsifying activity.There is great interest in developing the Cuphea plant as an alternative source of industrial oil. Its seed produces 16-42% oil that is rich in medium-chain FA (MCFA), such as caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids (1,2). These MCFA are used in detergents, cosmetics, lubricants, and fuels. The current commercial sources of MCFA are the tropical oilseeds (coconut and palm kernel oils). Cuphea oil has a strong potential to augment or replace these imported sources of MCFA (1).Cuphea, however, has some undesirable agronomic traits that are considered as major deterrents to its domestication and commercialization, including: indeterminate growth and flowering patterns, excessive seed shattering from maturing pods, and the presence of sticky substances on leaves and stems that create harvesting problems (2,3). Domestication studies at Oregon State University (Corvallis, OR) identified C. lanceolata, C. wrightii, and C. viscosissima as the most promising species for cultivation (3,4). Breeding efforts at the same institution produced PSR23, a semidomesticated hybrid from C. lanceolata and C. viscosissima that exhibits partial seed retention on maturity and contains high amounts of capric acid (4). Cuphea PSR23 has been subjected to field testing for the past 5 yr.If Cuphea oil production is successful, then it is anticipated that protein-rich meals will be also be generated because the seed contains as much as 25% crude protein (CP) (2). Current literature on Cuphea reports only the amount of protein in the whole seed. There is no information available on the quality and properties of Cuphea seed proteins. Recently, our research team completed a pioneering study that determined the SDS-PAGE profile, soluble classes, and amino acid composition of Cuphea seed protein. We detected six major subunits, a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…× C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton) seeds from the 2003 harvest in Central Illinois that had been dried to 11.6% moisture content in a Grain Technology 245XL Grain Dryer (GT Mfg., Inc., Clay City, KS) according to the method described by Cermak et al (6). Seeds were flaked to 0.25 mm (0.01 in.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cooking and screw‐pressing on functional properties of Cuphea PSR23 seed proteins

Hojilla-Evangelista

Evangelista

2006

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…According to the Grain Drying Cost Calculator (Edwards, 2007) using a propane value of $5.6 L −1 (Energy Information Administration, 2007), the cost of drying seed is $1.39 Mg −1 of seed for each 10 g kg −1 increment in water content. For seed drying cost calculations, target cuphea seed moisture was considered 110 g kg −1 (Cermak et al, 2005) The seed moisture to be lost was calculated as [seed moisture at harvest − 110 g kg −1 ] and the cost of drying per hectare was calculated as [seed yield × 1.39/1000 × (seed moisture to be lost g kg −1 )]. Three different RAHT were calculated using three different values of drying cost considering that propane value may increase or decrease in the future.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing seed moisture by swathing decreases seed drying costs, which can be a significant economic factor, especially as fuel costs continue to rise. Cuphea seeds are usually dried to 110 to 130 g kg −1 for storage (Cermak et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cuphea Seed Yield Response to Harvest Methods Applied on Different Dates

2008

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Cuphea, Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. × C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton, is a new crop that produces seed containing oil rich in mediumchain fatty acids. Because cuphea has an indeterminate growth habit, timing of harvest is diffi cult to determine. Th e objective of this study was to determine the optimum harvest time and technique for maximizing seed yield. Th is research was conducted at Prosper, ND, in 2005 and 2006; Carrington, ND, in 2005; and Morris, MN, in 2005 and 2006. Th e experimental factors were four harvest treatments, direct-nondesiccated (DND), direct-desiccated (DD), swathed (SW), and desiccated-swathed (DSW) applied on three diff erent dates ( D1, D2, and D3). Maximum seed moisture was 544 g kg −1 , but seed moisture decreased 181 g kg −1 as the harvest date was delayed for the DND-harvest treatment. Seed moisture reduction for the SW-harvest treatment compared with the DND-harvest treatment was 216 g kg −1 for D1. Swathing would be a better method than direct harvest or desiccation to reduce seed moisture at harvest. Th e harvested seed yields were not signifi cantly diff erent (P ≤ 0.05) among the DND-, DD-, and SW-harvest treatments. Harvested seed yield reduction was observed only for the DSW-harvest treatment. Swathing is also acceptable since no signifi cant seed yield reduction was observed. Based on the returns aft er harvest treatments, the DND-harvest treatment may be the most cost eff ective method to harvest cuphea seeds; however, it is not the most practical due to clogging of harvesting equipment, which slows down harvest.

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“…The seeds yield oil rich in saturated medium‐chain fatty acids such as capric acid. Medium‐chain fatty acids are used in soaps, detergents, cosmetics, lubricants and food 15. Lesquerella ( Brassicaceae ), a native U.S. plant, is currently being developed for commercial industrial applications in Arizona and Texas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties of extruded and injection‐molded poly(lactic acid)‐based cuphea and lesquerella bio‐composites

Mohamed

Finkenstadt

Rayas‐Duarte

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The degree of compatibility between poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and different bio-fillers was examined using thermal methods. The biofillers were fibers extracted from cuphea and lesquerella seeds. Bio-composites of PLA:Fiber were prepared at 85 : 15, 70 : 30, and 100 : 00 and blended by extrusion and then injection molding. Thermal properties of the extruded (EX) and the extrudedinjection molded (EXIM) composites were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Composites analysis using DSC provided information essential for determining: (1) glass transition (T g ); (2) crystallization and melting temperatures and DH; (3) percent crystallinity; and (4) Enthalpic Relaxation (ER). TGA was used to measure the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of the composites. The effect of fiber composition, processing conditions, and aging time on the thermal properties of the bio-composites was used to examine the relative compatibility of the fibers with PLA. The data showed that ER increased steadily as a function of aging. Because of the difference in protein content between cuphea and lesquerella, the two fibers influenced the T g (temperature and DC p ) differently. The percent crystallinity of neat PLA was significantly reduced by EX or EXIM, while the enzymatic degradation showed that EX composites are more biodegradable than EXIM. The TGA profiles indicated a multi-step degradation especially in air. The largest value of q, which indicated that, intermolecular interaction was strongest between lesquerella and PLA extruded materials, compared to the other three blends, possibly due to the higher protein content. Results also indicated that intermolecular interaction was least strong (q ¼ À33.9156) in the EXIM PLA-cuphea. Although the q values of both cuphea composites were significantly lower than those of the lesquerella samples, this greater effect of extrusion over injection molding on intermolecular interaction was also seen in the q value of the EX and EXIM samples.

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Batch drying of cuphea seeds

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of cooking and screw‐pressing on functional properties of Cuphea PSR23 seed proteins

Effects of cooking and screw‐pressing on functional properties of Cuphea PSR23 seed proteins

Cuphea Seed Yield Response to Harvest Methods Applied on Different Dates

Thermal properties of extruded and injection‐molded poly(lactic acid)‐based cuphea and lesquerella bio‐composites

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