We constructed a photoanode comprising the homogeneous
water oxidation
catalyst (WOC) Na8K8[Co9(H2O)6(OH)3(HPO4)2(PW9O34)3] (Co
9
POM) and nanoporous n-type TiO2 photoelectrodes (henceforth “TiO2–Co
9
POM”) by first
anchoring the cationic 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) ligand
on a metal oxide light absorber, followed by treatment of the metal
oxide-APS with a solution of the polyoxometalate WOC. The resulting
TiO2–Co
9
POM photoelectrode exhibits a 3-fold oxygen evolution photocurrent
enhancement compared to bare TiO2 in aqueous acidic conditions.
Three-element (Co 2p, W 4f, and O 1s) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and Raman spectroscopy studies before and after use indicate that
surface-bound Co
9
POM retains its structural integrity throughout all photoelectrochemical
water oxidation studies reported here. Extensive charge-transfer mechanistic
studies by photoelectrochemical techniques and transient absorption
spectroscopy elucidate that Co
9
POM serves as an efficient WOC, extracting photogenerated
holes from TiO2 on the picosecond time scale. This is the
first comprehensive mechanistic investigation elucidating the roles
of polyoxometalates in POM-photoelectrode hybrid oxygen evolution
reaction systems.