Batch test to evaluate microbial disinfectant decay and the onset of nitrification

Abstract

A batch test procedure was investigated to provide insight into the microbial contribution to disinfectant decay in drinking water distribution systems using chloramines. A modified method for determining the critical threshold residual (CTR), the intersection point on a semi-log plot between first-order total chlorine fitted decay curves before and after the breakpoint, was developed. Unlike the CTR as originally defined, initial sample conditions were retained rather than artificially raising the monochloramine concentrations. The CTR calculated with this modified method can more easily be applied to distribution system scenarios. In addition, four types of decay curves were identified and could distinguish differences in the microbial contribution to disinfectant residual decay. This study revealed that chloramine decay batch tests should be evaluated based on decay curve type, decay rates, and the CTR value, in addition to the microbial decay factor, which has been used alone in previous studies. The batch test approach and evaluation criteria established here can be used to predict conditions favorable for rapid chloramine decay and nitrification, and that monitoring and control strategies should be implemented.

Review of Nitrification Monitoring and Control Strategies in Drinking Water System

“…Bradley, et al [ 59 ] mentioned that the CTR is likely to appear within the range of 0.20 and 0.65 mg of total chlorine residual. Scott, et al [ 107 ] suggested that the CTR should appear at 0.50 mg of total chlorine residual. Apart from these methods, currently, many water utilities use microbiological decay factor ( ) to be an indicator of rapid monochloramine decay and nitrification [ 6 , 25 , 42 , 43 ].…”