Batch to batch variation study for biodiesel production by hydrothermal carbon catalyst: preparation, characterization and its application

Memon, Safia Sanam; Memon, Najma; Memon, Shahabuddin; Lachgar, Abdesaddek; Memon, Abdullah

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ab692b

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The efficiency of the carbon catalyst was 91%. The most significant advantage of such a catalyst is the possibility of its recovery and reuse [108].…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Hydrochar's Chemical and Physical Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process

Mikusińska,

Kuźnia,

Czerwińska

et al. 2023

Energies

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In agricultural biogas plants, besides biogas, the by-product digestate is also produced. Due to its high moisture content and organic origin, it can successfully be applied in the hydrothermal carbonization process to avoid the fate of landfilling. This paper reviews the properties of agricultural digestate and its hydrothermal conversion (HTC) into hydrochar and process water. The type of feedstock and the parameters of the HTC process, such as temperature, pressure and residence time, affects the physical and chemical characteristics of hydrochar. Therefore, its possible application might be as a biofuel, fertilizer, soil improver, adsorber, or catalyst. In this paper, the properties of hydrochar derived from agricultural digestate are widely discussed.

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“…The efficiency of the carbon catalyst was 91%. The most significant advantage of such a catalyst is the possibility of its recovery and reuse [108].…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Hydrochar's Chemical and Physical Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process

Mikusińska,

Kuźnia,

Czerwińska

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…The resultant mixture is sonicated for 30-min using an ultrasonic sonicator to sonicate the suspension. After that, the solution was filtered, and the filtrated solution was titrated with an aqueous solution of 0.02 M NaOH solution using a phenolphthalein indicator 41 , 42 . Each titration result has been triplicated and their concordant value is noted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalyst name N% C% S% H% Total acid density (mmol/g) www.nature.com/scientificreports/ phenolphthalein indicator 41,42 . Each titration result has been triplicated and their concordant value is noted.…”

Section: Si Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production using –SO3H functionalized heterogeneous catalyst derived from a lignin-rich biomass

Yadav

Ahmaruzzaman

2023

Sci Rep

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The synthesis of biodiesel from renewable resources has immense potential as a sustainable and cost-effective energy alternative. In this work, a reusable –SO3H functionalized heterogeneous catalyst that has a total acid density of 2.06 mmol/g was prepared from walnut (Juglans regia) shell powder by low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization (WNS-SO3H). Walnut shell (WNS) contains more lignin (50.3%), which shows great resistance toward moisture. The prepared catalyst was employed for the effective conversion of oleic acid to methyl oleate by a microwave-assisted esterification reaction. The EDS analysis revealed the significant presence of sulfur (4.76 wt%), oxygen (51.24 wt%), and carbon (44 wt%) content. The results of the XPS analysis confirm the bonding of C–S, C–C, C=C, C–O, and C=O. Meanwhile, the presence of –SO3H (the responsible factor for the esterification of oleic acid) was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Under the optimized conditions (9 wt% catalyst loading, 1:16 oleic acid to methanol molar ratio, 60 min reaction time, and 85 °C temperature), the conversion of oleic acid to biodiesel was found to be 99.01 ± 0.3%. The obtained methyl oleate was characterized by employing 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. The conversion yield and chemical composition of methyl oleate were confirmed by gas chromatography analysis. In conclusion, it can be a sustainable catalyst because the catalyst preparation controls the agro-waste, a great conversion is achieved due to the high lignin content, and the catalyst was reusable for five effective reaction cycles.

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“…The experiments showed that the maximum yield of biodiesel (60%) was obtained using the catalyst treated with 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, then the catalyst treated with phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, combined sulfuric with nitric acid, sodium sulfide, and unaltered catalyst showed 43, 40, 24, 5 and 2% yields of biodiesel, respectively. 98 Carbonized black soldier fly larvae shells functionalized with p-toluene sulfonic acid gave 93.2% conversion of oleic acid. 107…”

Section: Influence Of the Sulfonating Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction

Yadav

Ahmaruzzaman

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon (SPAC) catalysts have specific surface characteristics owing to the presence of two types of functional groups: SO3H (sulfonic) and oxygen‐containing functional groups (COOH and OH groups). Oxygen‐containing functional groups provide a synergistic effect to the sulfonic group, resulting in a high total acid density and enhanced catalytic activity of SPAC. Owing to the high acid density, SPAC catalysts are used for various applications such as organic transformations, electrocatalysis and water treatment. The natural abundance of raw materials, easy processing for catalyst fabrication, excellent catalytic performance and high thermal and chemical stability make SPAC cost‐effective and environmentally benign. Biomass‐derived heterogeneous catalysts possess unique surface characteristics, high reusability and low cost owing to their easy accessibility, along with various environmental benefits. This review demonstrates biodiesel production using oleic acid as a feedstock material catalyzed by biomass‐derived SPAC catalysts. Additionally, various parameters such as catalyst synthetic parameters, esterification reaction parameters, the esterification reaction mechanism and catalytic stability, which affect the catalytic performance and esterification efficacy, are discussed. Finally, the future scope for developing novel SPAC catalysts has been demonstrated for young researchers in this field.

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Batch to batch variation study for biodiesel production by hydrothermal carbon catalyst: preparation, characterization and its application

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production using –SO3H functionalized heterogeneous catalyst derived from a lignin-rich biomass

Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction

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