Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde FlamMap yazılımı ve uzaktan algılama teknikleri kullanılarak orman yangın davranışı simülasyonunun değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Aim of study: Forest fuels are very critical for fire behavior models and hazard maps. Relationship among wind speed, fuel moisture content, slope, and fuel type directs us to predict fire behavior of a given region. For this study, we evaluated fire behavior parameters such as fireline intensity and rate of fire spread using the fuel moisture content, slope, fuel load, and wind speed for the Bayam Forest District with the help of remote sensing techniques and FlamMap software. Area of study: The study area is located in Bayam Forest District in the city of Taskopru, Kastamonu, a Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Material and Methods: In order to estimate and map forest fuel load of the study area, fuel models were developed using the parameters of the average vegetation height, 1-hr, 10-hr, and 100-hr fuel load, foliage, total fuel load, litter load and litter depth. Three basic fire descriptors (fireline intensity, rate of fire spread, and flame length) were calculated using FlamMap software with the parameters fuel load, wind speed, fuel moisture, and slope. Using the descriptors above, the historical fire data was overlaid with the fireline intensity maps to determine fire potential areas within the remote sensing and GIS framework. Main results: The results of this study showed that 20.0% of the region had low (<2 m min-1), 43.2% had moderate (2-15 m min-1), 12.0% had high (15-30 m min-1), and 24.8% had very high (>30 m min-1) rate of fire spread, respectively. The fireline intensity map showed that 60.7% of the area was in low (0-350 kW m-1), 24.9% was in moderate (350-1700 kW m-1), 1.3% was in high (1700-3500 kW m-1), and 13.0% was in very high (>3500 kW m-1) fireline intensity. Highlights: The spatial extent of fuel types was observed and three of the potential fire behavior predictors (fire intensity, rate of fire spread and flame length) were estimated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The overlaid historical fire data showed that the most fire-prone areas are in the mixed young Anatolian black pine-Scots pine tree stands that have 40-70% canopy cover and that are in the young Anatolian black pine tree stands that have more than 70% canopy cover.

Yangın Şiddetinin Uzaktan Algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ile Hesaplanması: 2021 Yılı Milas-Karacahisar Yangını

“…The quick change in vegetation dynamics in Turkish red pine stands and in Mediterranean shrubland communities (maquies) through anthropogenic (i.e., silvicultural treatments, fires) and natural (i.e., wind -storm damages) disturbances affects stand characteristics thereby leading to changes in actual fuel loads (Coskuner, 2022b). Timely, accurate and easily available information on actual fuel loads are of significant importance in fire management (Coskuner, 2022b;Yavuz et al, 2018). Therefore, in this regard, remote sensing applications with high spatial and temporal resolution could be effectively used.…”

Burn severity evaluation in black pine forests with topographical factors using Sentinel-2 in Kastamonu, Turkiye

“…In 2021, 2.793 wildfires occurred in Turkiye, and approximately 139.503 ha of forest area was burnt (GDF, 2021). Although the Mediterranean regions of Turkiye are more sensitive to forest fires, the West Black Sea region of Turkiye has also become one of the important fire-prone regions in recent years (Küçük & Ünal, 2005;Küçük et al, 2017;Mitsopoulos et al, 2017;Kucuk et al, 2018;Yavuz et al 2018;Kucuk et al, 2021). In 2020, a big forest fire occurred in the Western Black Sea region of Turkiye and burned almost 1300 ha of forest area in Kastamonu -Taşköprü Sub-District Forest Directorate.…”

Periodic analysis of forest fire numbers and sunspot numbers in Türkiye

“…Bu yangınlar orman ekosistemine çoğunlukla büyük zararlar vermezler ancak artma eğiliminde olan bu orman yangınları görülmeye devam etmektedir [8]. Orman yangınları ile iklim değişkenlerinin ilişkisi hakkında pek çok çalışma yapılmış, özelikle iklim değişikliği ve artan sıcaklıklarla orman yangınlarını ilişkilendirilmiştir [9,10,11,12,13,14]. Akdeniz iklimi yaşayan 5 Avrupa ülkesinde (Yunanistan, İtalya, Güney Fransa, Portekiz ve İspanya) ve Amerika kıtasının Pasifik kıyı eyaletlerinde (Kaliforniya ve Oregon'da) çıkan orman yangınları sayılarının sıcaklığın yüksek, yağışın az olduğu kurak dönemlerinde giderek arttığı tespit edilmiştir [15].…”