Batillipes dicrocercus n. sp., Stygarctus granulatus n. sp. and Other Tardigrada from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Pollock, Leland W.

doi:10.2307/3224613

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…All other females in Heterotardigrada have a gonopore complex consisting of six or seven rosette cells, and males have an oval gonopore papilla. When Pollock (1970b) published his account of the reproductive anatomy of tardigrades, it was not known that the females of Orzeliscus, Styraconyx, and Oreella also have the rosette cells surrounding the gonopore. Renaudarctus is the first heterotardigrade with a female gonopore of the male type.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, the majority of marine tardigrade species have been reported from intertidal sandy beaches of the East Coast (Hallas & Kristensen, 1982;Lindgren, 1971;McGinty & Higgins, 1968;McKirdy, 1975;Pollock, 1970aPollock, ,c, 1979. Although the marine tardigrades from intertidal, mostly highenergy, marine beaches of North America are relatively well known, little is known about these animals from other marine habitats.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A New Family of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from the Atlantic Coast of Florida, U.S.A.

Higgins¹,

Kristensen²

1984

Transactions of the American Microscopical Society

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A new interstitial arthrotardigrade, Renaudarctus psammocrypius n. gen., n. sp.. Is described from high-energy marine beaches of Fort Pierce and Boca Raton, Florida. It is found in sechment consisting of stratified layers of coarse quartz sand and shell hash. The tardigrade is distinguished particularly by its dorsal cuticular plates, toes, and claw structure. The Renaudarctidae is established as a new family in the order Arthrotardigrada. A recently described tardigrade, Neostygarctus acanthophorus from a marine cave in Italy, originally placed in the family Stygarctidae, is included in the Renaudarctidae based on toe and claw structure. The phylogenetic relationships of Renaudarctidae to other famihes in Heterotardigrada are discussed. Seven other species of tardigrades found with the new species included: Parasttjgarclus sterreri, Stygarctus gourbaultae, Halechiniscus remanei, Raiarctus colurus, Raiarctus sp., Tanarctus lauricus, and Batillipes bullacaudatus. Only B. bullacaudatus and H. remanei have been reported from the U.S.A. previously. The vertical and horizontal distribution of the tardigrades in the beaches appears to be related to granulometry more than to other physical or chemical factors, including depth in the beach.Since the discovery of the first marine tardigrade, Microlyda Dujardin, 1851, most marine biologists have considered these microscopic metazoans to be a rare component of the marine ecosystem. The first monograph on this phylum (Marcus, 1929) recorded only six marine species, Schulz (1935,1951, 1955) described several new species. Since 1955, the most significant taxonomic contribution has been that of Renaud-Mornant, who has produced 32 publications and described 9 genera and 27 species. In a recent review of the marine Tardigrada (see Renaud-Mornant, 1982), 22 genera of Heterotardigrada were noted. These animals, a total of 56 species, have been found in a wide variety of marine habitats from the deep sea to tropical beaches. ' The material was obtained through the kind cooperation of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port, Florida. We especially acknowledge the technical assistance of William Lee, of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port, who assisted with sampling and processing; the cooperation of Carolyn Gast, of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, who prepared the illustrations; and the aid of Marie Wallace, also of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology, who assisted with sample processing and in the preparation of the manuscript. Our appreciation is also expressed to Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., who critically reviewed this manuscript and made many valuable suggestions.

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Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Family of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from the Atlantic Coast of Florida, U.S.A.

Higgins¹,

Kristensen²

1984

Transactions of the American Microscopical Society

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“…The probability of internal fertilisation was hypothesised for macrobiotids based on the position of the spermatheca with respect to the rectum (Sugiura et al 2019). Elsewhere, the reproductive system of all marine tardigrades had been thoroughly investigated (Pollock 1970;Renaud-Mornant 1982). However, there was a problem with the interpretation of the so-called "annex glands" in the family Stygarctidae and the lateral vesicles in the subfamily Florarctinae.…”

Section: Mating Behaviours and Copulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme secondary sexual dimorphism in the genus Florarctus (Heterotardigrada: Halechiniscidae)

Gąsiorek

Kristensen

2021

Mar. Biodivers.

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Secondary sexual dimorphism in florarctin tardigrades is a well-known phenomenon. Males are usually smaller than females, and primary clavae are relatively longer in the former. A new species Florarctus bellahelenae, collected from subtidal coralline sand just behind the reef fringe of Long Island, Chesterfield Reefs (Pacific Ocean), exhibits extreme secondary dimorphism. Males have developed primary clavae that are much thicker and three times longer than those present in females. Furthermore, the male primary clavae have an accordion-like outer structure, whereas primary clavae are smooth in females. Other species of Florarctus Delamare-Deboutteville & Renaud-Mornant, 1965 inhabiting the Pacific Ocean were investigated. Males are typically smaller than females, but males of Florarctus heimi Delamare-Deboutteville & Renaud-Mornant, 1965 and females of Florarctus cervinus Renaud-Mornant, 1987 have never been recorded. The Renaud-Mornant collection was re-examined, and type series were analysed. Florarctus heimi and F. cervinus were always found together in the coralline sand of Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef). The animals were kept alive and surveyed in the laboratory of the Queensland Museum. All studied individuals of the larger F. heimi (up to ca. 400 μm) were females, and all adults of the smaller F. cervinus (about 170 μm) were males. Males of F. cervinus were observed mating with females of F. heimi. Following those morphological and behavioural lines of evidence, we propose that F. cervinus is a junior synonym of F. heimi. Based on the discovery of dimorphism in F. bellahelenae sp. nov. and the strong sex-related morphological disparities in F. heimi, we suggest that extreme secondary dimorphism may be present in other florarctin arthrotardigrades.

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“…Taking into account the body shape, the cephalic region morphology, the arrangement of the cephalic appendages, the morphology and the length of the fourth leg papilla, B. similis appears closely related with B. littoralis, B. dicrocercus Pollock, 1970, and B. bullacaudatus, McGinty & Higgins, 1968(Pollock, 19701989;McKirdy, 1975). We should add to this group, B. orientalis Chang & Rho, 1997 which differs from B. similis in the absence of the caudal spike (Renaud-Debyser, 1959; Taking into account these elements, the diagnosis of B. similis can be amended as follows: Batillipes with drumstick-like primary clava.…”

Section: Taxonomic Affinitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and dynamics of an interstitial Tardigrada population in the Meloria Shoals, Ligurian Sea, with a redescription ofBatillipes similis(Heterotardigrada, Batillipedidae)

D'addabbo

Grimaldi

Morone

et al. 1999

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Quantitative samples of sediment for the study of the meiofauna were collected monthly beween March 1996 and February 1997 from a 7-m-deep site in the Meloria Shoals, Livorno Italy. In the Tuscan Shoals, 16 species of tardigrades were found belonging to the families Stygarctidae, Halechiniscidae, and Batillipedidae. Megastygarctides orbiculatus and Actinarctus doryphorus are reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, and a redescription of Batillipes similis is proposed.

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Batillipes dicrocercus n. sp., Stygarctus granulatus n. sp. and Other Tardigrada from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

A New Family of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from the Atlantic Coast of Florida, U.S.A.

A New Family of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from the Atlantic Coast of Florida, U.S.A.

Extreme secondary sexual dimorphism in the genus Florarctus (Heterotardigrada: Halechiniscidae)

Diversity and dynamics of an interstitial Tardigrada population in the Meloria Shoals, Ligurian Sea, with a redescription ofBatillipes similis(Heterotardigrada, Batillipedidae)

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