“…The typical SEM image of the as-synthesized AFC exhibits a three-dimensional framework structure (figure 1 111), (11-2), (20-2), (112), (020), ( 202), , (022), (31-1) and (220) planes, respectively, consistent with the previous report [32]. The peaks of BTO located at 21.9°, 31.4°, 38.6°, 44.9°, 50.6°, 55.9°and 65.8°are respectively indexed to (100), (110), (111), ( 200), ( 210), ( 211) and (220) facets, respectively, following the prior work [33]. The diffraction peaks of both CuO and BTO appear in the XRD pattern of CuO-BTO/AFC composite and the peak at 21.9°indexed to the (100) plane of BTO overlaps with the diffraction peak of the AFC substrate.…”