Battered pets‘: non‐accidental physical injuries found in dogs and cats

Munro, H. M. C.; Thrusfield, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02041.x

Cited by 113 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…52 Rib fractures are a common feature of nonaccidental injuries. 23,54 They indicate dissipation of the energy applied to the bone. Differences exist in the anatomy of the rib cage of domestic animals, with some being more plastic (eg, rabbits) than others.…”

Section: Thoracic Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

2016

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Veterinary pathologists commonly encounter lesions of blunt trauma. The development of lesions is affected by the object's mass, velocity, size, shape, and angle of impact and by the plasticity and mobility of the impacted organ. Scrape, impact, and pattern abrasions cause localized epidermal loss and sometimes broken hairs and implanted foreign material. Contusions are best identified after reflecting the skin, and must be differentiated from coagulopathies and livor mortis. Lacerations-traumatic tissue tears-may have irregular margins, bridging by more resilient tissue, deviation of the wound tail, crushed hairs, and unilateral abrasion. Hanging or choking can cause circumferential cervical abrasions, contusions and rupture of hairs, hyoid bone fractures, and congestion of the head. Other special forms of blunt trauma include fractured nails, pressure sores, and dog bites. Ocular blunt trauma causes extraocular and intraocular hemorrhages, proptosis, or retinal detachment. The thoracic viscera are relatively protected from blunt trauma but may develop hemorrhages in intercostal muscles, rib fractures, pulmonary or cardiac contusions or lacerations with subsequent hemothorax, pneumothorax, or cardiac arrhythmia. The abdominal wall is resilient and moveable, yet the liver and spleen are susceptible to traumatic laceration or rupture. Whereas extravasation of blood can occur after death, evidence of vital injury includes leukocyte infiltration, erythrophagocytosis, hemosiderin, reparative lesions of fibroblast proliferation, myocyte regeneration in muscle, and callus formation in bone. Understanding these processes aids in the diagnosis of blunt force trauma including estimation of the age of resulting injuries.

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Section: Thoracic Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

2016

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“…Accidental cigarette burns are typically superficial lesions due to brief contact. 51 Healed cutaneous burns may exhibit leukoplakia and leukotrichia representing a desired effect of hot branding in animals. Long-term sequelae develop in some human and animal cases, mostly associated with complicated wound healing, and include loss of skin sensitivity, keloid formation characterized Singeing of hog's bristles with apical clubbing of melted keratin (arrows).…”

Section: Additional Morphological Findings In Local Dry Heat Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Injuries in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Wohlsein¹,

Peters

Schulze³

et al. 2016

Vet Pathol

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Localized thermal injuries in animals may be caused by exposure to fire and radiant heat, contact with hot items including hot liquids or steam, inhalation of hot air, and exposure to cold temperatures. In addition, animal fire victims may have intoxications caused by smoke gas. This article reviews the causes, pathogenetic aspects, morphological findings, additional investigations, differential diagnoses, and causes of death in various forms of thermal injuries. Since these cases do not occur frequently in diagnostic pathology, they represent a challenging task in general but also with respect to forensic or criminal aspects, such as whether a lesion represents an accidental or nonaccidental effect. Besides detailed information about the circumstances at the location, thermal injuries in animals require a thorough morphological evaluation, including additional investigations in conjunction with a profound knowledge about the possible lesion spectrum and suitable additional investigations.

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“…The medical forensic pathology literature is replete with case reports, case series, reviews, and book chapters on asphyxia, whereas scant case reports 22,55,81 and few book chapters 25,77,83 on this topic exist in veterinary pathology. Morphologic and physiologic responses to injuries and asphyxia in reptiles, birds, fish, amphibians, or quadrupedal mammals may manifest differently from those described as characteristic in people.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondrowning Asphyxia in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

McEwen

2016

Vet Pathol

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Asphyxia in a forensic context refers to death by rapid cerebral anoxia or hypoxia due to accidental or nonaccidental injury. Death due to nondrowning asphyxia can occur with strangulation, suffocation, and mechanical asphyxia, each of which is categorized based on the mechanism of injury. Individuals dying due to various types of asphyxia may or may not have lesions, and even those lesions that are present may be due to other causes. The interpretation or opinion that death was due to asphyxia requires definitive and compelling evidence from the postmortem examination, death scene, and/or history. Beyond the postmortem examination, pathologists may be faced with questions of forensic importance that revolve around the behavioral and physiological responses in animals subjected to strangulation, suffocation, or mechanical asphyxia to determine if the animal suffered. While there is no prescriptive answer to these questions, it is apparent that, because of physiological and anatomical differences between humans and animals, for some mechanisms of asphyxia, consciousness is maintained for longer periods and the onset of death is later in animals than that described for people. Veterinary pathologists must be cognizant that direct extrapolation from the medical forensic literature to animals may be incorrect. This article reviews the terminology, classification, mechanisms, and lesions associated with asphyxial deaths in companion animals and highlights significant comparative differences of the response to various types of asphyxia in animals and people.

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Battered pets‘: non‐accidental physical injuries found in dogs and cats

Cited by 113 publications

References 15 publications

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Thermal Injuries in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Nondrowning Asphyxia in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

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