Battery charging and discharging control of a hybrid energy system using microcontroller

Abstract

This study aims to control charging and discharging the battery for hybrid energy systems. The control system works by selecting the right energy source to supply voltage to the load. And also this control system can regulate charging and discharging the battery automatically. The voltage source consists of two energy, namely from the battery and DC source. The control system that has been designed has the ability to choose the right DC source when the battery capacity is less than 80%. This system also has a good ability to choose a battery source when the battery reaches 100% capacity and the DC source has a voltage drop of more than 20%. This control system is equipped with excessive electric current protection so that the security level is high.

A Review of Battery Charging - Discharging Management Controller: A Proposed Conceptual Battery Storage Charging – Discharging Centralized Controller

“…A microcontroller was used in [1] to control the hybrid energy system and the charge -discharge of the battery storages. Figure 1 shows the architecture of the developed system and explains the system operation.…”

“…As batteries are used into various applications, energy management when the battery is performing charging -discharging is gaining attention. Renewable energy systems are known as highly dependent systems to battery storages, which allows them to store the produced energy into the connected batteries [1][2][3] and optimize the battery charging-discharging operation [4,5]. Looking at the gaining popularity of the renewable energy systems, especially the microgrid renewable energy systems, battery storage charging and discharging [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11] are equally crucial for the renewable energy system in both islanded and non-islanded modes.…”

“…Renewable energy systems are known as highly dependent systems to battery storages, which allows them to store the produced energy into the connected batteries [1][2][3] and optimize the battery charging-discharging operation [4,5]. Looking at the gaining popularity of the renewable energy systems, especially the microgrid renewable energy systems, battery storage charging and discharging [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11] are equally crucial for the renewable energy system in both islanded and non-islanded modes. Both modes need to ensure the reliability of the output energy with little to no disruption to the connected load during the operation hours [12].…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to have a system that can assist, manage, and control the battery storage charging-discharging. Hence, selected papers such as [1,6,9] were extensively studied to understand the battery storage charging-discharging management systems. The studied papers were used to develop the conceptual methodology battery storage chargingdischarging strategy proposed in this review paper.…”

Comprehensive analysis of current research trends in energy storage technologies

“…It is important to mention how the battery storage techniques are being used in the technology of renewable energy. In the wind energy system, the batteries are used to store energy to be used during peak hours, especially at night [24]- [26]. The capacity function of the current of a battery (𝑄 𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝐼)) can be expressed as (1).…”