Battery failure analysis and characterization of failure types

Abstract

This article is an introduction to lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery types, types of failures, and the forensic methods and techniques used to investigate the origin and cause to identify failure mechanisms. This article discusses common types of Li-ion battery failure with a greater focus on the thermal runaway, which is a particularly dangerous and hazardous failure mode. Forensic methods and techniques that can be used to characterize battery failures will also be discussed. This is the first article in a six-part series. The first article describes ways in which Li-ion batteries can fail, followed by a discussion of challenges assessing the reliability of such a rapidly evolving technology in article two. The third article discusses potential mitigation strategies for BESS facilities, and the fourth article discusses the consequences of catastrophic failure in a BESS. Article five provides a review of available analytical approaches to evaluate existing structures and design new structures for protection from Li-ion battery hazards. The final article is an overview of Li-ion BESS failures and risk management considerations.

Lessons learned from large‐scale lithium‐ion battery energy storage systems incidents: A mini review

“…34 So far, LFP cells are considered far more stable thermally compared with other cell types. 35 Nevertheless, different types of chemistries involved in the cases (NMC cells in McMicken's; LFP cells in Jimei Dahongmen's) presented in this paper emphasize that in general, all types of lithium-ion batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway incident.…”

“…Among some typical lithium‐ion cells chemistry, NMC cells have generally the lowest thermal runaway onset temperature and less thermally stable characteristic compared with other chemistries such as lithium‐titanate or lithium‐titanium‐oxide (LTO) or lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) 34 . So far, LFP cells are considered far more stable thermally compared with other cell types 35 . Nevertheless, different types of chemistries involved in the cases (NMC cells in McMicken's; LFP cells in Jimei Dahongmen's) presented in this paper emphasize that in general, all types of lithium‐ion batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway incident.…”

Overview of Li‐ion battery energy storage system failures and risk management considerations

“…1. Battery Failure Analysis and Characterization of Failure Types (DOI: 10.1002/prs.123xa) 1 2. BESS Frequency of Failure Research (DOI: 10.1002/prs.12366) 2 3. Review of Fire Mitigation Methods for Li-ion BESS (DOI: 10.1002/ prs.12365) 3 4.…”

“…The first five are the following: Battery Failure Analysis and Characterization of Failure Types (DOI: 10.1002/prs.123xa) 1 BESS Frequency of Failure Research (DOI: 10.1002/prs.12366) 2 Review of Fire Mitigation Methods for Li‐ion BESS (DOI: 10.1002/prs.12365) 3 Consequences of BESS Catastrophic Failure (DOI: 10.1002/prs.12XXX) 4 Evaluation and Design of Structures to Contain Lithium‐ion Battery Hazards (DOI: 10.1002/prs.123xc) 5 …”

A Statistical Design Approach on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of NMC Li-Ion Battery

“…In addition, some researchers have studied to identify when and where the failures occur in the LiBs. 13,14 Another group of scientists have studied to improve the materials inside the cell and synthesize new materials with superior features. 15,16 On the other hand, the statistical quantification of the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the cell performance is another field in battery research.…”