Battery metal recycling by flash Joule heating

Chen, Weiyin; Chen, Jinhang; Bets, Ksenia V.; Salvatierra, Rodrigo V.; Wyss, Kevin M.; Gao, Guanhui; Choi, Chi Hun; Deng, Bing; Wang, Xin; Li, John Tianci; Kittrell, Carter; La, Nghi; Eddy, Lucas; Scotland, Phelecia; Cheng, Yi; Xu, Shichen; Li, Bowen; Tomson, Mason B.; Han, Yimo; Yakobson, Boris I.; Tour, James M.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh5131

Cited by 18 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…Flash Joule heating (FJH), as a method exhibiting high-energy efficiency and an ultrafast heating rate, has recently been used in the synthesis of many materials including graphene, − transition metal chalcogenides, inorganic nanoparticles, , and various other carbide and inorganic compounds. − It has also been widely explored as a method for effective remediation of soil and battery electrodes as well as a method for recycling and upscaling materials. − In contrast to conventional chemical heating methods, which use conductive or radiative heating, Joule heating requires an electric current to flow through the sample itself, which, in turn, directly heats the feedstock. Passing this electric current through the reactants involves imposing an electrical potential difference, typically up to several hundred volts, across a reaction vessel that is several centimeters across, leading to average electric fields on the order of 10 3 –10 4 V/m and a current density of 10 5 –10 7 A/m 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Field Effects in Flash Joule Heating Synthesis

Eddy,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Flash Joule heating has emerged as an ultrafast, scalable, and versatile synthesis method for nanomaterials, such as graphene. Here, we experimentally and theoretically deconvolute the contributions of thermal and electrical processes to the synthesis of graphene by flash Joule heating. While traditional methods of graphene synthesis involve purely chemical or thermal driving forces, our results show that the presence of charge and the resulting electric field in a graphene precursor catalyze the formation of graphene. Furthermore, modulation of the current or the pulse width affords the ability to control the three-step phase transition of the material from amorphous carbon to turbostratic graphene and finally to ordered (AB and ABC-stacked) graphene and graphite. Finally, density functional theory simulations reveal that the presence of a charge-and current-induced electric field inside the graphene precursor facilitates phase transition by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. These results demonstrate that the passage of electrical current through a solid sample can directly drive nanocrystal nucleation in flash Joule heating, an insight that may inform future Joule heating or other electrical synthesis strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Field Effects in Flash Joule Heating Synthesis

Eddy,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Efficient and Selective Lithium Extraction from Brine Water Via a Photothermal Sandwich Sieve Structure

Zhong,

Zhao,

Lai

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Lithium is being recognized as a strategic resource on a global scale, mainly because of its growing importance in the production of lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Due to its uneven geographical distribution and limited availability on Earth, extracting lithium from brines and seawater presents a sustainable supply pathway. However, conventional lithium extraction techniques are still challenging, necessitating significant costs and energy consumption. This study primarily employs a solar‐utilizing selective extraction strategy for efficient lithium harvesting by designing a solar‐thermal sandwich sieve structure. Herein, a portable solar‐driven lithium extraction device has been developed based on HKUST‐1 and LIG. Due to the sub‐nano channels provided by HKUST‐1, the hydrated Li+ can selectively pass through the MOF layer. The excellent solar heating of the layer enables the device an accelerate vapor escaping, it then facilitates the delivery of Li+, resulting in lithium accumulation at the interface for convenient collection. The maximum lithium extraction capacity in one cycle is 1467 mg m−2, demonstrating good Li+ selectivity absorption with a high Mg2+/Li+ ratio under 1 solar illumination. Moreover, the device shows excellent cycle stability. This work offers an integrated solar utilization for scalable and sustainable lithium extraction from brine water.

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Advanced Crosslinked Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Molecular Architecture, Strategies, and Future Perspectives

Zeng,

Liu,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) have attracted much attention for high‐energy‐density and high‐safety energy storage devices. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as a critical component in the advancement of SSBs, owing to the compelling advantages of strong molecular structure‐designability, low cost, easy manufacturing, and no liquid leakage. However, linear SPEs usually have low room‐temperature ionic conductivity due to crystallization, and melting at high temperature. Thus, crosslinked SPEs have been proposed in that the chemical bonding between internal molecule chains can maintain solid state to expand operational temperature, disrupt regularity of segment, and diminish crystalline degree, leading to an enhancement of room‐temperature ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the integration of functional groups within crosslinked SPE network can significantly augment the electrochemical performance of SPEs. Herein, according to the network structure, crosslinked SPEs are categorized into four types: simple network, AB crosslinked polymers (ABCP), semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN), and interpenetrating network (IPN), then the structure features and advantages and disadvantages of commonly used polymers for these types of crosslinked SPEs are reviewed. In addition, crosslinked SPEs with self‐healing, flame‐retardant, degradable, and recyclability are introduced. Finally, challenges and prospects of crosslinked SPEs are summarized, hoping to provide guidance for the molecular design of SPEs in the future.

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Battery metal recycling by flash Joule heating

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Electric Field Effects in Flash Joule Heating Synthesis

Electric Field Effects in Flash Joule Heating Synthesis

Efficient and Selective Lithium Extraction from Brine Water Via a Photothermal Sandwich Sieve Structure

Advanced Crosslinked Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Molecular Architecture, Strategies, and Future Perspectives

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