Battery‐supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in standalone DC microgrids: areview

Abstract

Global energy crisis and environmental pollution increasingly promote the application of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). As a feasible option to overcome the issues of RES integration in power system such as instability and fluctuation, large scaled Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and its associated Energy Management System (EMS) has become one of the most popular research area for future RES power system. Despite many advantages of integrating BESS in RES based power system, the highly dynamic fluctuations in generation and demand in standalone RES based Microgrid (MG) causes damaging impact on lifespan of battery, which greatly increases the operating cost of the standalone MG. In recent years, the novel concept of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), which contains two complementary storage devices, is been developed to mitigate the impact fluctuating power exchange on lifespan of battery. This paper critical reviews the latest works related to this area In terms of topologies, Control and Energy Management System (EMS). A case study of Standalone PV MG with HESS is presented to show its practicality and the benefits of using HESS are elaborated via Cost Function. Among the various topologies and related EMS design, the review analysis and discusses the importance of balancing the trade-off between the technological needs and economic feasibility when designing a Battery-Supercapacitor HESS in Standalone RES based MGs. have been carried out to improve the power quality and reliability of the MGs ranging from novel system topologies [10][11][12] to intelligent power management and control strategies [13][14][15][16]. Unlike the grid-connected MGs that have virtually unlimited and strong support from the high inertia power supply, standalone MGs rely heavily on ESS to balance the unmatched profiles of generation and power consumption [17]. The ESS acts as buffer to absorb surplus energy and supply the stored energy when power deficit. Furthermore, ESSs in standalone MGs also play an important role in regulating instantaneous power variations, power quality and the system reliability [18]. The nowadaysavailable ESS technologies for MG applications are been listed and compared in Table 1:

Energy Management Strategy for Rural Communities’ DC Micro Grid Power System Structure with Maximum Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

“…where, I ph = Irradiance current (A), I D = diode current (A), I o = Inverse saturation current (A), R S = series resistance (Ω), R sh = shunt resistance (Ω), I = cell current (A), V = cell voltage, and the output current of the PV cell using single diode model is expressed as The open circuit voltage and maximum power of the PV module is obtained by the simplified PV system modeling proposed by [26]. The voltage and power with the values of series resistance (R S ) is calculated by fill factor [27][28][29].…”

Study of Hybrid Energy Storage System for High Rate Power Mitigation in Microgrid

“…2. The active topology is the most performance for HESS topology with the high cost of the converter [8]. However, this work is neglected.…”

“…After that, he determined the size of BESS and SC for using with a wind generator. In [8], proposed the HESS to mitigate the impact of power exchanges on the lifespan of the BESS. He also presented the HESS topology and discussed the technological advancements of the HESS in the standalone microgrid.…”

Mathematical Models for Optimization of Grid-Integrated Energy Storage Systems: A Review

“…Section III lists and compares various mathematical models for grid-integrated ESS and recommends models suitable for an ESS technology. In Section IV, information regarding test systems as seen in literature is provided, before making concluding remarks in Section V. Storage elements for electrical grids include, but are not limited to: Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) [4], Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) [5], Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) [6], Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) [7], Super Capacitors (SC) [8], Thermal Energy Storage Systems (TESS) [9], Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) [10] and Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) [11]. These ESS technologies can be categorized in terms of their suitable storage durations, response times, functions or the stored form of energy.…”