Battling the Invisible Infertility Agony: A Case Study of Infertile Women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Ullah, Abrar; Ashraf, Hina; Tariq, Muhammad; Aziz, Sana; Zubair, Seema; Sikandar, Khalil ur Rehman; Ali, Nayab; Shakoor, Abdul; Nisar, Muhammad

doi:10.29333/ejecs/679

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The collected data have been analyzed while using a "statistical package for social science" (SPSS 20 th version). The relationship between the dependent and independent variables of the present study was asserted through the Chi-squire test for details see (Ullah et al, 2021;Ullah & Muhammad, 2020). Before the analysis, the aforementioned variables were indexed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

Ali¹,

Zubair

Ullah

et al. 2021

HSSR

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Problem and aim of the study: This study is set out to investigate the impact of misinterpretation of religious education on sectarian violence in District Hangu. Research methods: Primary data regarding religious education and its role in sectarian violence was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample size of 279 respondents from three selected villages of District Hangu was randomly selected through the proportional allocation method. The level of significant relationship of the study variables was determined through the Chi-Square test at the Bivariate level analysis. At the multivariate level analysis sect and education were used as controlled variables. Results: Results show that religious education has a significant role in generating sectarian violence as the observed value of 27.617 as strongly significant at a 1% level of significance. Moreover, the findings of the study revealed the relationship between madrasas’ education and sectarian violence as significant ( ≤ 0.05) for both groups i.e., literate, and illiterate. Application of the study: This empirical work is useful in policy planning for the institutionalism of religion. Notwithstanding, a policy for formal registration of all religious madrassas is the need of the day. The present study highlights that extremist literature should be banned in madrassas and there should be a proper syllabus for these institutions. The uniformity of religious education including modern education in their syllabus might be beneficial in this regard. Further, it is needed to focus on the development of underdeveloped areas of Pakistan and encourage cross religion and sects’ dialogue. Originality and Novelty of the study: In Pakistan, the phenomena of sectarian violence have received limited attention in the literature. The existing empirical work in this area is primarily concerned with the political and social aspects of sectarian violence. Thus, the present study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by empirically exploring the issue of sectarian violence from a religious perspective. In this study, a novel method has been applied to determine the impact of religious education on sectarian violence by controlling the background variables of sect and education of the study participants. Such an application of the novel method is believed to enhance the validity of this study and vividly expose the role of sects in the sectarian violence in the research site.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

Ali¹,

Zubair

Ullah

et al. 2021

HSSR

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“…These clinics are therefore the choice for several Expat Pakistani couples struggling with infertility and finances [ 86 ]. Second, infertility is commonly advertised as a ‘women-only’ problem both in popular Pakistani media and among family circles [ 87 ]. Consequently, men even deny diagnosis and women solely suffer the emotional toll of infertility, sometimes leading to separation and divorce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Tract Microbiota in Fertile and Infertile Pakistani Couples

Manzoor

Amir

Gul

et al. 2021

Biology

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The human microbiota is recognized as a vital “virtual” organ of the human body that influences human health, metabolism, and physiology. While the microbiomes of the gut, oral cavity, and skin have been extensively studied in the literature, relatively little work has been done on characterizing the microbiota of the human reproductive tract organs, and specifically on investigating its association to fertility. Here, we implemented a 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing approach to sequence and characterize the gut and genital tract microbiomes from several married Pakistani couples. The recruited individuals included 31 fertile and 35 infertile individuals, with ages ranging from 19–45 years. We identified several fluctuations in the diversity and composition of the gut and genital microbiota among fertile and infertile samples. For example, measures of α-diversity varied significantly between the genital samples donated by fertile and infertile men and there was overall greater between-sample variability in genital samples regardless of gender. In terms of taxonomic composition, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes fluctuated significantly between the gut microbiomes of fertile and infertile samples. Finally, biomarker analyses identified features (genera and molecular functions and pathways) that differed significantly between the fertile and infertile samples and in the past have been associated with bacterial vaginosis. However, we emphasize that 16S amplicon data alone has no bearing on individual health and is merely representative of microbial taxonomic differences that could also arise due to multiple other factors. Our findings, however, represent the first effort to characterize the microbiome associated with fertile and infertile couples in Pakistan and will hopefully pave the way for more comprehensive and broad-scale investigations in the future.

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“…25 Adoption of children is not very common in Pakistan due to various social, cultural and religious thoughts. As one-fifth of married couples experience infertility or fertility issues, 26 more couples opt to adopt as an alternative route to building families (Ullah et al, 2021).…”

Section: Adoption Of Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Alternative Care in Pakistan over the Last Decade and Way Forward

Murtaza

2023

Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond

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This research article explores the situation of children in alternative or institutional care in Pakistan, aiming to shed light on the challenges they face, interventions implemented to address their needs, and the associated laws and policy implications. Drawing on the existing literature, empirical studies and reports from reputable organisations, this research article examines the factors contributing to the placement of children in alternative care, highlights the impact of institutionalisation on their development and assesses the effectiveness of interventions and policies aimed at improving their well-being. The findings emphasise the importance of family-based care alternatives, comprehensive support systems and evidence-informed policies to ensure the holistic development of children in Pakistan’s alternative care system.

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Battling the Invisible Infertility Agony: A Case Study of Infertile Women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

Characterization of the Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Tract Microbiota in Fertile and Infertile Pakistani Couples

The Evolution of Alternative Care in Pakistan over the Last Decade and Way Forward

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