"A mixture of admiration and of some indefinable anxious fear' ' : this is Théodore de Banville, French poet and apostle of aestheticism, describing early public reaction to Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal, published in Paris in June, 1857.1 The speed with which the establishment moved to suppress the poems betrays the depth of that "anxious fear"; proceedings were begun against Baudelaire within a month of publication. It was a reaction evidently anticipated by the editors of the Revue des Deux Mondes, where eighteen of Baudelaire's poems had appeared two years before, strategically prefaced by an editorial note preparing readers for their encounter with a text committed to the subversion of their cherished ideals and preconceptions.2