“…A variety of techniques are being used for automated MS lesion segmentation (Anbeek et al, 2004; Brosch et al, 2015, 2016; Deshpande et al, 2015; Dugas-Phocion et al, 2004; Elliott et al, 2013, 2014; Ferrari et al, 2003; Geremia et al, 2010; Havaei et al, 2016; Jain et al, 2015; Jog et al, 2015; Johnston et al, 1996; Kamber et al, 1996; Khayati et al, 2008; Rey et al, 1999, 2002; Roy et al, 2010, 2014b; Schmidt et al, 2012; Shiee et al, 2010; Subbanna et al, 2015; Sudre et al, 2015; Tomas-Fernandez and Warfield, 2011, 2012; Valverde et al, 2017; Weiss et al, 2013; Welti et al, 2001; Xie and Tao, 2011) with several review articles available that describe and evaluate the utility of these methods (García-Lorenzo et al, 2013; Lladó et al, 2012), though semi-automated approaches have also been reported (Udupa et al, 1997; Wu et al, 2006; Zijdenbos et al, 1994). The early work on WML segmentation used the principle of modeling the distributions of intensities of healthy brain tissues and segmenting outliers to those distributions as lesions.…”