“…In recent years, topology and geometry blended with statistical methods have seen increasing application to the study of data analysis, visualization, and dimensionality reduction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. These applications range from classification and clustering in fields such as action recognition [10], handwriting analysis [11], and biology [12][13][14][15][16], to classification of high entropy alloy [17] and gas separation [18], to the analysis of complex biological networks [19], and other complex dynamical systems [20,21] and sensor networks [22][23][24][25][26].…”