Baylisascaris sp. infection in a pet kinkajou Potos flavus

Taira, Kensuke; Une, Yumi; Šnábel, Viliam; Sugiyama, Hiromu

doi:10.2478/s11687-013-0136-0

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These phylogenetic analyses represent preliminary assessments of species relationships within Baylisascaris . Monophyly of the genus was supported for most inference methods and genes (Taira et al, 2013; Xie et al, 2013; Tokiwa et al, 2014), and two well-supported clades have consistently been resolved: clade 1 consisting of B. procyonis , B. columnaris ; and clade 2 consisting of B. ailuri , B. schroederi , B. transfuga . A recent analysis placed B. potosis as monophyletic with B. procyonis and B. columnaris (Tokiwa et al, 2014) based on 28S rDNA and cox1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Genetic analyses of Baylisascaris species have been limited, but sequence data from certain species has been used to investigate: 1) phylogenetic relationships among species in order Ascaridida (Nadler, 1992; Nadler and Hudspeth, 1998, 2000; Xie et al, 2011a, 2011b, 2013; Li et al, 2012; Liu et al, 2014); 2) detection of species from fecal samples ( B. procyonis , Dangoudoubiyam et al, 2009, Gatcombe et al, 2010; B. transfuga , De Ambrogi et al, 2011; B. schroederi , Zhou et al, 2013); 3) identification of adults from different hosts ( B. devosi , Tranbenkova and Spiridonov, 2017; B. schroederi , Lin et al, 2012; Zhao et al, 2012; B. transfuga , Testini et al, 2011) or geographic areas (Davidson et al, 2013); 4) species delimitation of B. procyonis and B. columnaris (Franssen et al, 2013; Choi et al, 2017); and 5) descriptions of new species ( B. ailuri , He et al, 2008, cited in Xie et al, 2011a; B. potosis , Taira et al, 2013 and Tokiwa et al, 2014; B. venezuelensis , Pérez Mata et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogenetics and species-level systematics of Baylisascaris

Camp

Radke

Shihabi

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Nucleotide sequences representing nine genes and five presumptive genetic loci were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among seven Baylisascaris species, including one species with no previously available molecular data. These genes were used to test the species status of B. procyonis and B. columnaris using a coalescent approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined analysis of sequence data strongly supported monophyly of the genus and separated the species into two main clades. Clade 1 included B. procyonis, B. columnaris, and B. devosi, species hosted by musteloid carnivores. Clade 2 included B. transfuga and B. schroederi from ursids, B. ailuri, a species from the red panda (a musteloid), and B. tasmaniensis from a marsupial. Within clade 2, geographic isolates of B. transfuga, B. schroederi (from giant panda), and B. ailuri formed a strongly supported clade. In certain analyses (e.g., some single genes), B. tasmaniensis was sister to all other Baylisascaris species rather than sister to the species from ursids and red panda. Using one combination of priors corresponding to moderate population size and shallow genetic divergence, the multispecies coalescent analysis of B. procyonis and B. columnaris yielded moderate support (posterior probability 0.91) for these taxa as separate species. However, other prior combinations yielded weak or no support for delimiting these taxa as separate species. Similarly, tree topologies constrained to represent reciprocal monophyly of B. columnaris and B. procyonis individuals (topologies consistent with separate species) were significantly worse in some cases, but not others, depending on the dataset analyzed. An expanded analysis of SNPs and other genetic markers that were previously suggested to distinguish between individuals of B. procyonis and B. columnaris was made by characterization of additional individual nematodes. The results suggest that many of these SNPs do not represent fixed differences between nematodes derived from raccoon and skunk hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetics and species-level systematics of Baylisascaris

Camp

Radke

Shihabi

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…The roundworm of kinkajous was previously thought to be B. procyonis (Kazacos et al 2011;Overstreet 1970). Genetic and morphological analysis revealed that the roundworm of kinkajous differed from B. procyonis (Taira et al 2013), and has been newly described as B. potosis (Tokiwa et al 2014). Kinkajous (Potos fl avus) belong to the family Procyonidae and are closely related to the raccoon (Procyon lotor), which is the natural fi nal host of B. procyonis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2011 ; Overstreet 1970 ). Genetic and morphological analysis revealed that the roundworm of kinkajous differed from B. procyonis ( Taira et al . 2013 ), and has been newly described as B. potosis ( Tokiwa et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection with Baylisascaris potosis in chickens

2020

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SummaryThe larvae of the genus Baylisascaris can cause larva migrans in mammals and birds. This study investigated the larval migration of Baylisascaris potosis, the roundworm of kinkajou (Potos flavus), in chickens and the associated clinical manifestations of the host. Thirty-six 3-week-old chickens divided into 6 groups were orally inoculated with 3,000 B. potosis eggs/chick. Each group of chicken was necropsied at days 1, 2, 3, 7, 30 and 90 PI (post inoculation), and the number of larvae in various organs were counted until day 90 PI. No clinical signs were observed in chickens during the study. Larvae were detected from the liver, lungs or breast-muscles of 13/36 (36.1%) chickens. The mean total number of larvae in the liver, lungs and breast-muscles at days 1, 2, 3, 7, 30 and 90 PI were 0.34, 0.17, 1.66, 1.01, 0.17 and 0, respectively. No larvae were found in the brain, eyes, hid-limb muscles, heart, kidneys and spleen. Although infectivity of larvae in egg-inoculated chickens was low, the present study demonstrated that B. potosis larvae can migrate in chickens tissues up to day 30 PI. The result suggests that chickens can serve as a paratenic host for B. potosis and may underline a public health importance of B. potosis infection as a potential foodborne disease in humans.

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“…Ocular and cerebral baylisascariasis has been reported about 50 times in people, and the number of reported cases annually appears to be increasing (Kazacos, ; Sircar et al., ). This is likely due to better diagnostics and awareness of the disease, although factors such as increasing raccoon densities, geographic expansion of the parasite and involvement of alternate definitive hosts (dogs, some exotic pets) may be involved (Blizzard, Yabsley, Beck, & Harsch, ; Lee, Schantz, Kazacos, Montgomery, & Bowman, ; Page, Gehrt, Cascione, & Kellner, ; Taira, Une, Šnábel, & Sugiyama, ; Yabsley and Sapp, ). While clinical reports in humans are rare, the consequences are severe as the case fatality rate is >40%, and full recoveries are uncommon (Kazacos, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) as an occupational hazard: 2. Use of personal protective equipment and infection control practices among raccoon rehabilitators

Sapp

Murray

Hoover

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, is a zoonotic ascarid of importance to human and animal health. Wildlife rehabilitators who care for raccoons may be at an increased risk for exposure to the parasite, especially if proper precautions are not taken. In a wider effort to evaluate awareness regarding B. procyonis in the wildlife rehabilitation community, an online survey (38-39 questions) including questions about B. procyonis knowledge and attitudes was developed and administered to wildlife rehabilitators. To assess precautions taken among raccoon rehabilitators, participants who rehabilitated raccoons (n = 447) answered additional questions about use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection control practices (ICPs). Reported use of gloves was variable, but hand hygiene was generally consistent. Masks and gowns were seldom used. Part-time or infrequent volunteers and rehabilitators located in the Central, Midwest and Southeast were significantly less likely to report consistent use of PPE. A total knowledge score from the survey was used to predict the likelihood of reporting the use of particular ICPs/PPE. Knowledge score had a highly significant but small effect on the likelihood of prophylactic use of anthelmintics, anthelmintics use for B. procyonis specifically, cleaning appropriately, and using species-dedicated housing. Risk factor analysis was performed on data from a prior serologic survey to evaluate factors associated with exposure to B. procyonis and inconsistent handwashing after contact with live raccoons and their faeces; practising rehabilitation in B. procyonis hyperendemic regions and practising rehabilitation in the western region were significant risk factors for being seropositive. These data further demonstrate that correct PPE/ICPs are critical in mitigating the risk of B. procyonis exposure among raccoon rehabilitators and among other captive species.

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Baylisascaris sp. infection in a pet kinkajou Potos flavus

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular phylogenetics and species-level systematics of Baylisascaris

Molecular phylogenetics and species-level systematics of Baylisascaris

Experimental infection with Baylisascaris potosis in chickens

Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) as an occupational hazard: 2. Use of personal protective equipment and infection control practices among raccoon rehabilitators

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