BCG&amp;rsquo;s Mechanism of Action &amp;ndash; Increasing our Understanding

Böhle, Andreas

doi:10.1159/000052375

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Despite increasing experience in the last 20 years with the management of major renal trauma, there is still considerable divergence of opinion with strong advocates of conservative as well as aggressive surgical management [1, 2]. Proponents of conservative, nonoperative management argue that immediate surgical exploration may result in an increased nephrectomy rate and that the injured kidney has the potential for spontaneous recovery with few significant complication [1, 2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proponents of conservative, nonoperative management argue that immediate surgical exploration may result in an increased nephrectomy rate and that the injured kidney has the potential for spontaneous recovery with few significant complication [1, 2]. Furthermore, many of the potential complications are amenable to endoscopic or percutaneous procedures without increasing risks for delayed sequelae, while those who advocate immediate surgery believe that nonoperative approach increases the likelihood of significant morbidity from persistent urinary extravasation with urinoma formation, sepsis and delayed hemorrhage [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of Major Blunt Renal Lacerations: Is a Nonoperative Approach Indicated?

et al. 2001

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Major Blunt Renal Lacerations: Is a Nonoperative Approach Indicated?

et al. 2001

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Granulomatous Cholangitis as a Complication of Intravesical BCG Administration for Bladder Cancer

Babiker

Stiefeld²,

Vikram³

2011

BJUI

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Heat shock proteins HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90

Lebrét

Watson

Molinié

et al. 2003

Cancer

149

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BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including carcinogenesis. The expression of HSPs in neoplasia has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of HSPs in bladder carcinoma and their effect on tumor behavior. METHODS Expression levels of the 27‐kilodalton HSP (HSP27), HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (14 Grade 1 tumors; 13 Grade 2 tumors; 15 Grade 3 tumors, including 3 tumors associated with carcinoma in situ; 30 Stage Ta tumors; 7 Stage T1 tumors; and 5 Stage T2 tumors). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy patients were used as controls in the study. The selected patients had a mean follow‐up of 52 months (range, 24–78 months). Among the 37 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma, 17 patients did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 patients developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with muscle invasion. HSP expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs (HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in tumors: respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of tumors showed a loss of immunostaining for HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. No correlation between HSP expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of HSP27 and HSP60 were correlated with higher tumor stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). HSP60 and HSP90 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for patients with superficial bladder carcinoma: loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for HSP60 and HSP90, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of HSP60 and HSP90 expression may have prognostic relevance in patients with bladder carcinoma. The authors believe that HSP60 may be a very useful marker for patients with superficial bladder carcinoma and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low HSP60 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify patients for whom local treatment would be insufficient. Cancer 2003;98:970–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11594

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BCG’s Mechanism of Action – Increasing our Understanding

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

Management of Major Blunt Renal Lacerations: Is a Nonoperative Approach Indicated?

Management of Major Blunt Renal Lacerations: Is a Nonoperative Approach Indicated?

Granulomatous Cholangitis as a Complication of Intravesical BCG Administration for Bladder Cancer

Heat shock proteins HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90

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