BCG (Bacille of Calmette?Gu�rin) revaccination leads to improved in vitro IFN-$gamma; response to mycobacterial antigen independent of tuberculin sensitization in Brazilian school-age children

Kinetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cytokine production by PBMC in adults after BCG vaccination

“…12 However, it is not known whether the protective efficacy of BCG vaccination differs between tropical and developed areas. Immunologically, our data confirmed the report of Barbosa et al, 16 in which 54% of children increased in vitro production of IFN-γ after revaccination, and this increase was highly significant for children previously unresponsive to M. tuberculosis. In clinical trials, the low incidence of tuberculosis in developed countries makes it difficult to perform a randomized controlled trial of BCG revaccination.…”

“…Because protective immunity against tuberculosis declines 10-15 years after the primary BCG vaccination, 14 boosting tuberculosis immunity in adults by revaccination would seem prudent for the prevention of tuberculosis. 15,16 However, the precise human immunological responses after BCG infection are poorly understood, despite many reports using experimental animal models. 6 In this context, our study was designed to document, over time, how antigen-specific immunological responses develop in adults after BCG vaccination.…”

BCG stimulated dendritic cells induce an interleukin‐10 producing T‐cell population with no T helper 1 or T helper 2 bias in vitro

“…It has been shown that BCG vaccination leads to increased peripheral blood IFN-c responses both in adults and in neonates. [8][9][10][11] BCG vaccination may boost both Th1 and Th2 responses to other vaccines 12 and it has a long history of use in bladder cancer therapy, where enhanced Th1 responses have been associated with efficacy. 25,26 However, there is an increasing number of studies indicating that BCG might also induce immune-regulatory responses.…”

A Potential Role for Mononuclear Phagocytes in Cutaneous Ulcer Development in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Leishmania braziliensis Coinfection

“…Dissociation between peripheral blood and skin immune response has been demonstrated. 16 Therefore, we decided to investigate whether inflammatory soluble factors secreted by mononuclear phagocytes would be present at lesion site (Figure 1). We found high amounts of CCL2, MMP-9, and TNF in the lesion from HIV/CL patient (Figure 1).…”

“…Dissociation between peripheral blood and peripheral tissue has also been observed in the immune response to purified protein derivative in healthy individuals. 16 Degradation of extracellular matrix by MMPs contributes to cellular infiltration and tissue damage. MMP-9 degrades collagen type IV, the main component of basal membrane, present in skin, and participates in tissue destruction in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and dermatitis.…”