BDNF and CNTF regulate cholinergic properties of sympathetic neurons through independent mechanisms

Slonimsky, John D.; Yang, Bo; Hinterneder, Jeanine M.; Nokes, Eva B.; Birren, Susan J.

doi:10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00102-7

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…1(d,i)]. These neurons also express the cholinergic marker VAChT, albeit at a much lower level (6.6% 6 0.5%) of SynI positive varicosities, as previously reported (Slonimsky et al, 2003) [ Fig. 1(e,i)].…”

Section: Neuron-myocyte Cocultures Predominately Express Vmat2 and Npsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…For example, sympathetic neurons innervating sweat glands in vivo and cultured sympathetic neurons can use the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) as their main transmitter (Guidry and Landis, 1998;Ernsberger and Rohrer, 1999;Francis and Landis, 1999). Furthermore, when neonatal sympathetic neurons are cocultured with target cardiac myocytes, they maintain their adrenergic phenotype, but also show cholinergic properties via expression of cholinergic synthetic enzymes and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT; Potter et al, 1986;Slonimsky et al, 2003). The choice of neurotransmitter expression could have profound implications for functionality in neuronal systems, therefore understanding the mechanisms that control transmitter choice is crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cotransmission of two classical transmitters, NE and ACh, has been demonstrated in sympathetic neurons (Landis, 1976;Yang et al, 2002;Slonimsky et al, 2003;Felder and Dechant, 2007), and the presence of dual transmitter varicosities has been confirmed (Landis, 1976;Felder and Dechant, 2007), the possibility that these mediators can be segregated has not been ruled out. Moreover, considering the capability of these ganglionic neurons to switch phenotype, it is important to know whether neurons maintain a rigid pre-established route for delivery of different transmitters to separate varicosities or whether segregation is a plastic neuronal feature that can be modulated or regulated by synaptic requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To approach these questions, we examined the segregation patterns of the NE and ACh vesicular transporters VMAT2 and VAChT, and the cotransmitter NPY in sympathetic ganglionic neurons cocultured with cardiac myocytes. We took advantage of the known effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and long growth periods in promoting VAChT expression (Slonimsky et al, 2003) to investigate the effect of these treatments on the segregation of sympathetic transmitters and cotransmitters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Segregation of the classical transmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine and the neuropeptide Y in sympathetic neurons: Modulation by ciliary neurotrophic factor or prolonged growth in culture

Vega

Luther

Birren

et al. 2010

Developmental Neurobiology

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Recent evidence has demonstrated that cotransmission from mammalian neurons is not uniquely achieved by costorage and corelease of transmitters and cotransmitters from single varicosities, but also by the concurrent release of mediators segregated in separate synapses of individual neurons. An important question to be addressed is whether neurons show defined patterns of segregation or whether this is a plastic feature. We addressed this question by exploring the segregation pattern of the classical sympathetic transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) and the cotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) in sympathetic ganglionic neurons cocultured with cardiac myocytes. Using antibodies against NPY and the vesicular NE and ACh transporters VMAT2 and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), we investigated the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or long (three weeks) culture periods on the segregation of VMAT2, VAChT, and NPY to separate varicosities. We found that although ganglionic neurons showed cell body coexpression of all the markers examined after three days, VMAT2 was segregated from VAChT in 43% of the VAChT-positive varicosities. In contrast, VMAT2 was only segregated from NPY in 16.3% of the NPY-positive varicosities. Cotransmitter segregation and VAChT expression was potentiated by both CNTF and longer times in culture. We also found two types of varicosities: one was smaller and located further from neuronal somata, and the other was larger, proximal to neuronal somata and had a higher level of segregation. These data demonstrate segregation of classical transmitters in sympathetic neurons and plasticity of neurotransmitter segregation. Finally, we discuss a possible functional correlate of segregation in sympathetic neurons.

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Section: Neuron-myocyte Cocultures Predominately Express Vmat2 and Npsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Segregation of the classical transmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine and the neuropeptide Y in sympathetic neurons: Modulation by ciliary neurotrophic factor or prolonged growth in culture

Vega

Luther

Birren

et al. 2010

Developmental Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yet, several studies have reported similar quick switching of the synaptic input from inhibitory to excitatory or vice versa. For example, the synaptic terminals of sympathetic neurons in mammalian heart switch from excitatory to inhibitory by changing the dominant neurotransmitter from norepinephrine to acetylcholine in response to a neurotrophine action (Yang et al, 2002;Slonimsky et al, 2003). In immature mouse hippocampus, synaptic inputs onto pyramidal cells and interneurons exhibit a shift from phasic inhibitory synaptic input to a dominant phasic excitation before the epileptic seizure in a few seconds (Derchansky et al, 2008).…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Recovery after Lesion of a Central Pattern Generator

Sakurai¹,

Katz²

2009

J. Neurosci.

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In cases of neuronal injury when regeneration is restricted, functional recovery can occur through reorganization of the remaining neural circuitry. We found an example of such recovery in the central pattern generator (CPG) for the escape swim of the mollusc Tritonia diomedea. The CPG neurons are bilaterally represented and each neuron projects an axon through one of two pedal commissures. Cutting the posterior pedal commissure [pedal nerve 6 (PdN6)] in the animal or in the isolated brain caused a deficit in the swim behavior and in the fictive motor pattern, respectively, each of which recovered over the course of 20 h. Locally blocking spiking activity in PdN6 with sodium-free saline and/or tetrodotoxin disrupted the motor pattern in a reversible manner. Maintained blockade of PdN6 led to a functional recovery of the swim motor pattern similar to that observed in response to cutting the commissure. Among the CPG neurons, cerebral neuron 2 (C2) makes functional connection onto the ventral swim interneuron-B (VSI) in both pedal ganglia. Cutting or blocking PdN6 eliminated C2-evoked excitation of VSI in the pedal ganglion distal to the lesion. Associated with the recovery of the swim motor pattern, the synaptic action of C2 onto VSI in the proximal pedal ganglion changed from being predominantly inhibitory to being predominantly excitatory. These results show that the Tritonia swim CPG undergoes adaptive plasticity in response to the loss of critical synaptic connections; reversal of synaptic action in the CPG may be at least partially responsible for this functional recovery.

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BDNF Val66Met polymorphism alters sympathovagal balance in healthy subjects

Yang

Chen

Tsai

et al. 2010

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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A common polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) has been implicated in anxiety, which is associated with lower vagal activity. We hypothesize that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may have a modulatory effect on the cardiac sympathovagal balance. A total of 211 healthy Chinese-Han adults (58 male, 153 female, aged 33.3 +/- 10.3 years) were recruited with three BDNF genotypes: Val/Val (47, 22.3%), Val/Met (108, 51.2%), and Met/Met (56, 26.5%). Autonomic function was assessed via an analysis of heart rate variability. Reductions in high-frequency power, an index for parasympathetic activity, and increases in the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, an index for sympathovagal balance, were found in subjects bearing the Met/Met genotype as compared to the Val/Val group. These results suggest that an altered sympathovagal balance with relatively decreased parasympathetic activity is associated with the Met/Met genotype, suggesting a potential role for the studied BDNF polymorphism in modulating cardiac autonomic functions.

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BDNF and CNTF regulate cholinergic properties of sympathetic neurons through independent mechanisms

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Segregation of the classical transmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine and the neuropeptide Y in sympathetic neurons: Modulation by ciliary neurotrophic factor or prolonged growth in culture

Segregation of the classical transmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine and the neuropeptide Y in sympathetic neurons: Modulation by ciliary neurotrophic factor or prolonged growth in culture

Functional Recovery after Lesion of a Central Pattern Generator

BDNF Val66Met polymorphism alters sympathovagal balance in healthy subjects

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