“…This type of sample is not representative of the population as it includes only persons attending special events, who often differ from other (more private) practitioners on several aspects (socio-economic level, urban vs. rural environment, extravert vs. introvert traits, etc.). Doctoral theses dealing with BDSM practitioners also began to be published (e.g., Baker, 2016;Busbee, 2008;Cutler, 2003;Damon, 2001;Levine-Ward, 2016;Matthews, 2005;Silva, 2015;Taylor, 1995;Van der Walt, 2014;Yost, 2006) as were ethnographic and/or participatory reports (Beckmann, 2001;Carlström, 2018aCarlström, , 2019Caruso, 2016;Fennell, 2018;Kamel, 1980;Newmahr, 2008Newmahr, , 2011Prior, 2013;Weinberg et al, 1984;Weiss, 2011;Zambelli, 2016). Again, most of these publications were non-empirical or based on relatively small or specific samples of participants (e.g., persons recruited in universities or select clubs).…”