Beam combining of quantum cascade laser arrays

Lee, Benjamin G.; Kansky, Jan; Goyal, Anish K.; Pflügl, C.; Diehl, Laurent; Belkin, Mikhail; Sánchez, A.; Capasso, Federico

doi:10.1364/oe.17.016216

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In order to have access to this extended wavelength range in a single diffraction limited beam, a wavelength multiplexer should be used. Such multiplexers have been realized using free-space optical components [3]. However, in order to make a rugged, compact and cheap mid-infrared light engine, an integrated wavelength multiplexer that can be buttcoupled to the DFB laser array is of interest.…”

Section: T He Mid-infrared (Midir) Wavelength Range (3-12 μM)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germanium-on-Silicon Mid-Infrared Arrayed Waveguide Grating Multiplexers

Malik

Muneeb

Pathak

et al. 2013

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

140

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Abstract-In this letter, we describe the use of a germaniumon-silicon waveguide platform to realize an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) operating in the 5 µm wavelength range, which can be used as a wavelength multiplexer for mid-infrared (midIR) light engines or as the core element of a midIR spectrometer. Ge-on-Si waveguide losses in the range 2.5-3.5 dB/cm for TE polarized light and 3-4 dB/cm for TM polarized light in the 5.15-5.4 µm wavelength range are reported. A 200 GHz channel spacing 5-channel AWG with an insertion loss/crosstalk of 2.5/3.1 dB and 20/16 dB for TE and TM polarization, respectively, is demonstrated.

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Section: T He Mid-infrared (Midir) Wavelength Range (3-12 μM)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germanium-on-Silicon Mid-Infrared Arrayed Waveguide Grating Multiplexers

Malik

Muneeb

Pathak

et al. 2013

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

140

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“…Although the ring-cavity configuration without facets can eliminate their influence on mode selection and output power, the DFB ring-cavity surface emitting QCL arrays also face a series of disadvantages, including large-size induced beam combing challenge, minimum-centre intensity distribution [22] and low output power [23]. Besides, master-oscillator power-amplifiers [24] and wavelength beam combining approaches [25] have also been used to obtain broad spectral tenability and low beam divergence based on multi-wavelength QCL arrays. In terahertz region, continuous tunability from 1.9 to 3.9 THz at room temperature has been demonstrated in a QCL array with intra-cavity terahertz difference-frequency generation [26].…”

Section: Brief Review Of Qcl Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Amplification and Coherent Combination Techniques for Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers

Xie¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Quantum Cascade Lasers

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Power amplification and coherent combination are important ways to improve the output power and beam quality of single-mode terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs). Up to date, the tapered waveguide is the most convenient way to amplify the power of THz QCLs. The self-focusing effect in tapered THz QCLs induces nonmonotonic behaviours of the peak power and far-field beam divergence, which lead to the existence of optimal structural parameters. The surface and lateral grating techniques have also been employed in tapered THz QCLs to further improve the spectral purity. For coherent combinations, the progress of facet-emitting phase-locked arrays of THz QCLs is still limited due to both the lack of the understanding of dynamics of coupled QCLs and the difficulties in designing high-performance coupled waveguides. We will briefly review the developments of coherent arrays of THz QCLs and present a design of monolithic QCL arrays with common coupled cavity to achieve the optical mutual injection, which may provide a new way for coherent combination of THz QCLs.

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“…Recently, wavelength beam combining was used to copropagate the multiple beams from the array of DFB QCLs. 30 The beam-quality product of the array, defined as the product of near-field spot size and far-field divergence for the entire array, was improved by a factor of 21 by using wavelength beam combining. To demonstrate the applicability of wavelength-beam-combined DFB QCLs arrays for remote sensing, the absorption spectrum of isopropanol was measured at a distance of 6 m from the array.…”

Section: Broadband Multi-dfb Laser Spectrometer On Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To demonstrate the applicability of wavelength-beam-combined DFB QCLs arrays for remote sensing, the absorption spectrum of isopropanol was measured at a distance of 6 m from the array. 30 Beam combining was accomplished by a suitably placed grating and transform lens that overlap the beams from each laser in both near field and far field.…”

Section: Broadband Multi-dfb Laser Spectrometer On Amentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance midinfrared quantum cascade lasers

Capasso

2010

Opt. Eng

184

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Abstract. The design and operating principles of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are reviewed along with recent developments in high-power cw and broadband devices. Cw power levels of several watts at room temperature have been achieved at 4.6-μm wavelength; broadband single-mode tuning (≈400 cm −1 ) has been achieved using an external-cavity QCL with a grating as a tuning element. An alternative approach, consisting of a monolithically integrated array of single-mode QCLs individually currentdriven by a microcontroller, has led to broadband single-mode tuning over a range of 200 cm −1 without requiring the use of moving parts. This spectrometer on a chip holds promise for high-brightness compact tracegas sensors capable of operating in harsh environments. C 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

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Beam combining of quantum cascade laser arrays

Cited by 80 publications

References 14 publications

Germanium-on-Silicon Mid-Infrared Arrayed Waveguide Grating Multiplexers

Germanium-on-Silicon Mid-Infrared Arrayed Waveguide Grating Multiplexers

Power Amplification and Coherent Combination Techniques for Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers

High-performance midinfrared quantum cascade lasers

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