Beam Extraction and Transport

Abstract

This chapter gives an introduction to low-energy beam transport systems, and discusses the typically used magnetostatic elements (solenoid, dipoles and quadrupoles) and electrostatic elements (einzel lens, dipoles and quadrupoles). The ion beam emittance, beam space-charge effects and the physics of ion source extraction are introduced.Typical computer codes for analysing and designing ion optical systems are mentioned, and the trajectory tracking method most often used for extraction simulations is described in more detail.

Ion beam intensity and phase space measurement techniques for ion sources

“…The real phase space distributions have non-elliptical shapes [see Fig. 7(b), for example], and the beam density distribution varies (as demonstrated by the typically used Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij, bi-Gaussian, and waterbag phase space distribution models 54 ). In many cases, the application has a phase space acceptance within which the beam can be accelerated or transported onward.…”