Beam Scanning Controller for Proton-Beam Writing

Abstract

A scanning control system of the ion beam of MeV energies has been developed for the nuclear scanning microprobe and proton-beam writing channel as a part of accelerator-analytical complex based on the Sokol electrostatic accelerator of the Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The system was put into operation to replace the obsolete one based on microcontrollers. The scanning control system is based on a National Instruments reconfigurable module with a Field Programmable Gate Array. The module operates in real time and is connected to a personal computer by a high-speed PCI-Express interface with data buffering. The system provides two main modes of operation: exposure of sample areas with a given profile and raster secondary electrons imaging of the sample or a calibration grid. Profile exposure is possible both in raster and functional scanning modes. Automatic calibration of the profile scale and scan raster is also implemented. Using of reconfigurable logic makes it possible to quickly adjust the system to the conditions of a particular experiment and the available equipment. The hardware capabilities of the scanning control system allows in the future to connect up to 4 spectrometric ADC for mapping the elemental composition of samples using Proton Induced X-ray Emission and Proton Backscattering. The first experiments on the irradiation of polymethylmethacrylate have been carried out; images of the obtained microstructures taken with a scanning electron microscope are shown. The aim of this work is to develop a control system for scanning a high-energy focused beam in proton beam writing technique to create small-sized structures for special purposes, as well as to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed system.

Proton beam writing: World experience and prospectives in Ukraine

“…Позбавлення від хроматичних аберацій знімає пов'язане з ними обмеження роздільної здатності. Протонна літографія здійснюється електромагнітним сканером, який відхиляє протонний пучок магнітними полями [10]. Магнітні поля задаються струмом котушок електромагніту, керованим з комп'ютера.…”

From autonomous to autonomist geographies

“…This is reflected in the two main aspects of class composition: ‘technical composition’, the technological and supervisory means by which capital and state control and divide workers in the workplace and in the community; and ‘political composition’, which refers to how workers and the unwaged seek to overcome these divisions through processes of unification, massification and recombination (Midnight Notes, 1992). As such, it makes a powerful link between the forms of struggle and changing forms of production (Kolinko, 2001; Toscano, 2004; Battaggia, 2018), class composition’s signature contribution. The poles of ‘technical’ and ‘political’ composition merge two, often separated understandings of class in Marxist thought.…”

“…We argue that reference to the core categories of Operaismo, and especially the concept of class composition , can help remedy this. With its acute understanding of the close relationship between forms of struggle and forms of production (Battaggia, 2018; Kolinko, 2001; Mohandesi, 2013), class composition provides an eminently materialist methodology for understanding the relationship between autonomist agency and the social institutions of capital and the state. We address the concept of class composition more fully in the next section.…”

Organizing the precarious: Autonomous work, real democracy and ecological precarity

“…These methodologies simultaneously enable processes of social change, the production of social knowledge and nurture spaces for self-education. While our approach is deeply informed by these practices, in this paper rather than presenting outcomes of such collaborative research processes -something that has been done in other contexts, see for example Precarious Workers Brigade and Carrot Workers Collective (2014), Precarious Workers Brigade (2017), Kolinko (2002), Papadopoulos, Stephenson, and Tsianos (2008) -we reflect on our involvement as participants in order to explore the different phases that underpin the political and organizational development of the movement of the precarious.…”