Beam‐steering high‐gain array antenna with FP Bow‐tie slot antenna element for pattern stabilisation

Abstract

In this work, a beam‐steering array antenna for pattern stabilisation is presented. The antenna element consists of two layers with a unique structure of microstrip to coplanar waveguide (CPW) transition to cover a frequency range from 20 to 30 GHz and a stable pattern at all operating frequencies. To increase the gain of the antenna element, an elliptical broadband Fabry–Perot cavity structure is used. The element manages 3 dB gain bandwidth of almost 23–26 GHz with a 14.4 dBi peak. In addition, a modified Butler matrix consisting of two 90° and two 135° couplers without phase shift section is used to attain a stable pattern. The proposed Butler matrix performs a stationary phase with a phase error of less than ±6° over a frequency band from 21 to 29 GHz. The integration of the proposed element and feed network leads to a beam‐tilting antenna capable of managing its patterns through the input ports in the operating frequency range of 20–29.5 GHz (9.5 GHz) and 20.6–29.6 GHz (9 GHz) for ports 1 and 2, respectively.

Intelligent Safety Assessment of Prestressed Steel Structures Based on Digital Twins

“…This model can describe the occurrence of events qualitatively or quantitatively. The Bow-tie model [33] integrates many factors, such as the cause of the accident, preventive measures, possible consequences, and corresponding control measures. The unsafe event maintenance process is divided into two levels: fault tree (FT) and event tree (ET).…”

Circularly polarized beam steering array antenna fed by low magnitude and phase error response of Butler matrix to use pattern stabilization applications

“…Various methods have been reported to feed multibeam arrays such as Blass, Nolen, and Butler matrix. [5][6][7][8][9][10] The Butler matrix feeding network has popular approach respect to other methods, due to minimum number of components and theoretically lossless. Another privilege of the Butler matrix is the capability to support circular polarization (CP) features.…”

“…Another privilege of the Butler matrix is the capability to support circular polarization (CP) features. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] On the other side, demands for antennas with high gain and CP specification have been led to attracting many researchers especially in the microwave and millimeter-wave regions. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Various methods have been proposed for increment the antenna gain such as Reflector, dielectric resonator and lens.…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] On the other side, demands for antennas with high gain and CP specification have been led to attracting many researchers especially in the microwave and millimeter-wave regions. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Various methods have been proposed for increment the antenna gain such as Reflector, dielectric resonator and lens. Design complexity, low impedance and 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, and high cost are major challenges in mentioned areas.…”

“…Utilizing Fabry-Perot resonator (FPR) technique is one of the most popular methods to increase the gain of the antenna. [7][8][9][10][11][12] FPR structure has inherent feature which is capable to enhance the gain of the antenna in a narrow bandwidth. Different methods have been reported for gain enhancement in literatures.…”