Beam Tracking for UAV-Assisted FSO Links With a Four-Quadrant Detector

Safi, Hossein; Dargahi, Akbar; Cheng, Julian

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2021.3113699

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Beam tracking introduces a suitable mechanism for systems with limited payloads as UAVs, where photodetectors are mounted at the receiver terminal, replacing the PAT unit. Practically the PAT system requiring higher weight is placed instead at the ground terminal (Safi et al 2019(Safi et al , 2021Bashir and Alouini 2020). Atmospheric air fluctuations and the internal hovering fluctuations of UAVs, position, and orientation fluctuations are unneglectable.…”

Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Safi et al (2021), photodetectors consisting of a 4-quadrant array are used at the receiver terminal, and the tracking performance of the system is evaluated using mathematical analysis while the system is exposed to random fluctuations. Although the increased size quadrants helped the system's performance, the background noise limited the system's improvement.…”

Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under various degrees of UAV fluctuations, quad-detector size is optimized for minimum tracking error. Taking into consideration, the fast performance of beam tracking to accommodate the gigabit transmission in FSO systems (Safi et al 2019(Safi et al , 2021.…”

Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beam Tracking approach (Safi et al 2019(Safi et al , 2021Bashir and Alouini 2020;Kiasaleh 2018;Song and Ko 2020;Zhao et al 2018).…”

Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

2022

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The challenge of tracking unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is arising out of increasing their market and spread usage in many applications. Miscuing UAVs can lead to potential threats as they are considered an essential part of national security. One of the major issues in communication with UAVs is the enormous amount of data generated by UAVs that requires a high data rate link, making the free space optics (FSO) communication, with very high bandwidth, an appropriate choice. Consequently, current developments in UAVs have provided new horizons for establishing UAV-based FSO links. However, FSO is a narrow line of sight (LoS) technology that is highly affected by the misalignment between the transmitter and receiver. So, tracking mechanisms are of vital importance when considering UAV-based FSO communication systems. This paper addresses coarse to fine pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) approaches and the recently developed tracking approaches to establish a reliable link for communication. Also, the various approaches are discussed and compared for precise alignment between the ground station and its associated UAV, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Current challenges and future research directions are addressed and integrated by combining different ideas.

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Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beam Tracking approach (Safi et al 2019(Safi et al , 2021Bashir and Alouini 2020;Kiasaleh 2018;Song and Ko 2020;Zhao et al 2018).…”

Section: Beam Tracking Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

2022

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“…Because FSO communication requires a line of sight (LOS) between FSO terminals, the pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) system is essential for FSO communication [ 15 ]. To maintain uninterrupted LOS, various methods were proposed using a quadrant photodiode (QPD), modulated retro-reflector (MRR), fast steering mirror (FSM), and hybrid of QPD and FSM [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. MRR-based PAT systems, represented by retroreflector free space optics, were mounted on UAVs for 560 m FSO communication, but they exhibited a limited performance in terms of transmission speed (Mbps) and simplex communication [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Efficiency Improvement According to Incident Beam Size in QPD-Based PAT System for Common Path-Based Full-Duplex FSO Terminals

Park

Yeo

Heo

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Free space optical (FSO) communication can support various unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs) applications that require large capacity data transmission. In order to perform FSO communication between two terminals, it is essential to employ a pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) system with an efficient and optimal performance. We report on the development of a common optical-path-based FSO communication system, tailored for applications in UAVs. The proposed system is equipped with a quadrant photodiode (QPD)-based PAT system without an additional beacon beam subsystem. The presented approach reduced the structural complexity and improved the tracking efficiency for the same size, weight, and power (SWaP). To achieve a robust FSO link in a dynamic UAV environment, the observability and controllability were obtained based on the linearized control according to the incident beam size on the QPD, which was verified by optical simulation and experiments. As a result, the QPD-based PAT system for implementing FSO links demonstrated an up to 4.25 times faster tracking performance. Moreover, the FSO link experimentally confirmed the 1.25 Gbps full-duplex error-free communication at a 50 m distance.

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Research Progress on Aircraft Relay Optical Wireless Communication

2024

Handbook of Optical Wireless Communication

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Beam Tracking for UAV-Assisted FSO Links With a Four-Quadrant Detector

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

Tracking Efficiency Improvement According to Incident Beam Size in QPD-Based PAT System for Common Path-Based Full-Duplex FSO Terminals

Research Progress on Aircraft Relay Optical Wireless Communication

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