Beamsteering for 5G Mobile Communication Using Programmable Metasurface

Li, Yueheng; Bettinga, Sven; Eisenbeis, Joerg; Kowalewski, Jerzy; Wan, Xiang; Long, Xueyun; Li, Teng; Jauch, Alisa; Cui, Tiejun; Zwick, Thomas

doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3073975

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…

{E}_{i}={E}_{o}t{e}^{j\psi ti}

E o is measure even the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves radiating from an antenna's source shows the propagation process of the reflective screen i of the metasurface is epressed in Equation . It is the index of the electromagnetic wave transmitted (Hodge et al., 2021; Li, Bettinga, et al., 2021).

\psi -\pi -4\pi h/{\lambda }_{o}=2N\pi

…”

Section: Theory and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These metasurfaces have the ability to change the coding sequences in an array in a flexible manner. This is accomplished by regulating the active elements with field programmable gate arrays via external bias lines (Li, Bettinga, et al., 2021; Li, Eisenbeis, et al., 2021). Coding metamaterials, also known as digital metamaterials, are a type of programmable metamaterial that discretizes the number of states of a unit cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

Saleem,

Irfan,

Alanazi

et al. 2023

Radio Science

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In this paper, a 2‐bit water‐based programmable digital metasurface for beam steering and backscatter field reduction applications is presented, a reflective and transmissive type water based programmable metasurface (WPMS) for RCS reduction and the antenna's beam steering is suggested, respectively. It has been demonstrated that a 2‐bit water‐based programmable unit cell can reduce RCS by changing its state (0/1). If the unit cell channel is empty, the state is “0,” if the channel is filled, the state is “1.” So at different resonance frequencies, the four phase and reflection coefficient responses are achieved as "00"01"10"11". This functionality enables beam steering in both the elevation and azimuth axis and also backscattering reduction of the antenna. Furthermore, the impacts of the number of unit cells and reflection phase states on the far‐field pattern are examined. Beam steering of ±45° in the elevation is attained with 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 4.25–4.40 GHz, radiation gain of more than 7.1 dBi is maintained. With the present antenna, it is possible to achieve volumetric beamsteering performance directly. The patterns of far‐field radiation that are predicted theoretically coincide well with full waves simulations. As such, the proposed prototype can be a good option for applications that require a low RCS platform including beam steering in radars, 5G/6G, etc.

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“…

{E}_{i}={E}_{o}t{e}^{j\psi ti}

\psi -\pi -4\pi h/{\lambda }_{o}=2N\pi

…”

Section: Theory and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

Saleem,

Irfan,

Alanazi

et al. 2023

Radio Science

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show abstract

“…In the millimeter‐wave band ≈28 GHz, space‐domain coding metasurface and time‐domain coding metasurface have been investigated for communication transmitters and beamforming. [ 44 , 46 ] However, the metasurface‐based wideband communication system capable of implementing multiple modulation schemes while integrating the information modulation and beamforming simultaneously is rarely reported. The STCM can present an opportunity to develop a novel wireless communication transmitter that seamlessly integrates beam steering and information modulation, enabling an active, intelligent, and controllable wireless communication environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Sub‐Terahertz: Space‐Time Coding Metasurface Transmitter for Wideband Wireless Communications

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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A space‐time coding metasurface (STCM) operating in the sub‐terahertz band to construct new‐architecture wireless communication systems is proposed. Specifically, a programmable STCM is designed with varactor‐diode‐tuned metasurface elements, enabling precise regulation of harmonic amplitudes and phases by adjusting the time delay and duty cycle of square‐wave modulation signal loaded on the varactor diodes. Independent electromagnetic (EM) regulations in the space and time domains are achieved by STCM to realize flexible beam manipulations and information modulations. Based on these features, a sub‐terahertz wireless communication link is constructed by employing STCM as a transmitter. Experimental results demonstrate that the STCM supports multiple modulation schemes including frequency‐shift keying, phase‐shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulations in a wide frequency band. It is also shown that the STCM is capable of realizing wide‐angle beam scanning in the range of ±45o, which offers an opportunity for user tracking during the communication. Thus, the STCM transmitter with high device density and low power consumption can provide low‐complexity, low‐cost, low‐power, and low‐heat solutions for building the next‐generation wireless communication systems in the sub‐terahertz frequency and even terahertz band.

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“…Excellent recent reviews include [3]- [5]. As correctly pointed out in [6], although programmable metasurfaces have been a hot topic, the development of their real-time implementations is rarely touched. This is relevant to beam management and beamforming algorithms, which usually employ single-bit feedback and refined scanning of the parameter space in search of the optimal configuration based on the chosen cost metric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariable Extremum Seeking Controllers for Multi-Beam Steering using Reconfigurable Metasurfaces

Masood

Vassiliou

Pitsillides

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)

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Intelligent Reflecting Metasurfaces constitute a revolutionary technology that can alleviate the blockage problem in mm-Wave communications. In this paper, we consider a metasurface coding that can realize beam splitting of an incident beam in multiple directions and we address the problem of feedback-based adaptive reconfiguration of the metasurface controller states so that the reflected beams are guided towards two intended receivers. As the receiver locations are unknown and to counter system uncertainties, we employ feedback to maximize the received power at both receivers, aiming for standalone operation of the metasurface. Changes in both the elevation and azimuth angles of the transmitted beams are considered, thus necessitating a design beyond standard extremum-seeking controllers, which have proved to be ineffective. Our approach involves online parameter identification techniques for gradient estimation, coupled with the method of steepest ascent. The effectiveness of the method in guiding the beams towards the reference values is shown through simulations.

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Beamsteering for 5G Mobile Communication Using Programmable Metasurface

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

Toward Sub‐Terahertz: Space‐Time Coding Metasurface Transmitter for Wideband Wireless Communications

Multivariable Extremum Seeking Controllers for Multi-Beam Steering using Reconfigurable Metasurfaces

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