Bean Common Mosaic Disease: Etiology, Resistance Resource, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Bean common mosaic disease is one of the most destructive diseases of the common bean, which is one of the most important legumes worldwide. It is caused by two closely related potyviruses: bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). Both viruses have spread to all the common bean-growing areas worldwide and have become a major challenge in bean production. In this review, we summarized the biology and diversity of BCMV and BCMNV, discussed the current knowledge on the resistance genes of BCMV, and finally pointed out the future prospects for the control of bean common mosaic disease.

Molecular Characterization of an Isolate of Bean Common Mosaic Virus First Identified in Gardenia Using Metatranscriptome and Small RNA Sequencing

“…Some potyvirus, such as SMV, which is a virus present worldwide but has a very narrow host range in nature ( Hajimorad et al, 2018 ). As a contrast, BCMV has a much wider host range, including over 100 plant species across 44 genera ( Tang and Feng, 2022 ). With the extensive investigation of plant viruses and the widespread use of high-throughput sequencing technology, more and more hosts outside the leguminous plants have been found to be natural hosts of BCMV.…”

“…The impact of BCMV on crop yield is substantial, with an average loss of 50%, and in some cases, it can reach to 100%, depending on the cultivar and the stage of crop infection ( Asensio-S.-Manzanera et al, 2006 ). The transmission routes of BCMV are very diverse and can be transmitted through seeds, pollen, aphids, and mechanical inoculation ( Tang and Feng, 2022 ). In contrast to some potyviruses like soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which exhibits a narrow host range limited to a few plants ( Hajimorad et al, 2018 ), BCMV exhibits an extensive host range, infecting over 100 plants across 44 genera.…”

Molecular Characteristics of Bean Common Mosaic Virus Occurring in Inner Mongolia, China

“…Inner Mongolia is one of the main production areas for common beans in China. With an increasing cultivation area and continuous cropping for years, disease and pest problems have become increasingly prominent, especially the occurrence of viral diseases [5,8]. In recent years, mosaic, wrinkling and other viral diseases of beans have been observed on land and in greenhouses in Inner Mongolia, affecting the yield and quality of beans and limiting the sustainable development of the bean industry.…”

Host plant resistance to bean common mosaic necrosis virus among snap bean cultivars in Kenya

“…Previously, highly effective host resistance to BCMV was conferred by the dominant I gene and was widely deployed in common bean breeding programs. However, the necrosis-inducing virus (BCMNV) was able to overcome this resistance in genotypes carrying an unprotected I gene because of a hypersensitive response against BCMNV (Tang and Feng 2023). In addition, at high temperatures, BCMV can induce temperature-dependent systemic necrosis symptoms in genotypes carrying the I gene which can lead to plant death and total loss of the bean crop (Silbernagel et al 2001).…”

“…Durable resistance to BCMV/BCMNV can be achieved by combining the dominant I gene with recessive genes, as they possess different mechanisms of resistance. For instance, cultivars possessing the I and bc-3 or bc-u and bc-3 are immune to all known strains of both BCMNV and BCMV (Tang and Feng 2023). Due to epistasis, bc-3 masks the effects of the I gene, and as a result, the presence of I is undetectable phenotypically in a host carrying bc-3.…”