In the age of industry 4.0, deep learning has attracted increasing interest for various research applications. In recent years, deep learning models have been extensively implemented in machinery fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) systems. The deep architecture's automated feature learning process offers great potential to solve problems with traditional fault detection and diagnosis (TFDD) systems. TFDD relies on manual feature selection, which requires prior knowledge of the data and is time intensive. However, the high performance of deep learning comes with challenges and costs. This paper presents a review of deep learning challenges related to machinery fault detection and diagnosis systems. The potential for future work on deep learning implementation in FDD systems is briefly discussed.
INDEX TERMSDeep learning, fault detection and diagnosis, current challenges, future developments. I. INTRODUCTION Safety and reliability are key factors in industrial operations. Rotating machinery is a vital component in many industries, and it is prone to failure due to harsh working conditions and long operational times [1], [2]. Examples of rotating machinery components including gears [3], pumps [4], bearings [5], shafts [6], blades [7], motors [8] and engines [9]. Failures in rotating machinery should be detected as early as possible to prevent critical damage [10] and sudden halt of machine operation. Failures may cause delays in operations and, consequently, tremendous economic loss [11]. For example, petrochemical industries lose around 20 billion dollars per year due to faults in their machine components [12]. According to a report by Duan et al. maintenance accounts for more than 60% of the total cost of aircraft engine components [13]. In the worst case, a machinery component failure may lead to loss of human life. Elasha et al. discussed a caseThe associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was Kezhi Li.