Beating negative externality through groundwater recharge in India: a resource economic analysis

Diwakara, H.; Chandrakanth, M.G.

doi:10.1017/s1355770x06003500

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Physical access to resource is the volume of groundwater used by farmers, measured in terms of cubic meter per year and in terms of cubic meter per unit of cultivated area. 7 Economic access is measured in terms of the cost per unit volume of water used. These two indicators (physical and economic) allow us to assess the social equity of access to groundwater.…”

Section: Access To Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

How does groundwater depletion contribute to unequal access to the resource among classes of farmers? evidences from case studies in the center of Tunisia

Amami¹

2018

IJH

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Groundwater is considered as common pool resources. Managed under open access, this leads to overexploitation and generating of negative externalities that result in a decrease in water availability and increasing its pumping cost. Very often, the impact of these externalities is analyzed mainly in economic and environmental terms. At our knowledge, the studies concerned with social equity and equity access to resources through farmers' classes is limited in Tunisia. In the center of the country, where surface water is both scarce and random, groundwater is the only source of irrigation. Groundwater has transformed rural economies and therefore they can be considered as an example of success in achieving social welfare and economic growth policy objectives in these regions. However, such rapid growth has lead to serious overexploitation and piezometric level falls at the rate of 1 to 1.5meter per year, threading thus the access to groundwater and the livelihood security for several tens thousands of small farmers. This study was undertaken in this context. Through using an economic optimization model, it seeks to analyze the distribution of the cost of externalities of overexploitation of aquifers and economic access to this resource through categories of farmers. The results show that unsustainable water results in significant economic losses to the farmer level, materialized by additional investments in irrigation, increased pumping costs and reduced income. However, the cost of these externalities is unevenly distributed. Indeed, it is at the level of small farmers that attends higher costs. As a result, this category is rapidly losing access to groundwater, further amplifying the existing inequalities in Tunisian rural society. Since regulatory instruments adopted so far (save areas, prohibition etc.) have shown their limitations, this work suggests the involvement of local users in the management of groundwater to ensure effective control of levies to preserve the groundwater and ensure the fairness of its operations. Significant agricultural policy reform is therefore necessary if we are to prevent further degradation of our groundwater. This study suggests the involvement of local users, with the assistance of CRDA, to ensure effective control on groundwater withdrawal. In addition to this policy, the Government should work to create another economic opportunities, in these regions, in order to alleviate pressure on groundwater resources exclusively caused by the horizontal and vertical extension of irrigated agriculture. Currently this sector constitutes the main source of revenue and jobs for the local population.

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Section: Access To Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

How does groundwater depletion contribute to unequal access to the resource among classes of farmers? evidences from case studies in the center of Tunisia

Amami¹

2018

IJH

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“…Based on fieldlevel data, annual growth for cost of digging a well is estimated 2%. We reckon it as discount rate for amortisation (Diwakara & Chandrakanth 2007). For calculating externality cost of defunct wells, Compounded cost = historical investment * (1 + i) (Year of defunction -year of investment) FL is the average functional life of well/equipment and i is the discount rate.…”

Section: Seenath P Indira Devi P Chakravarty a Shaji E 2 Data And mentioning

confidence: 99%

To conserve or to explore? farm-level strategies to manage groundwater

Seenath¹,

Devi²,

Chakravarty³

et al. 2018

Agri. Econ. Rese. Revi.

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In this paper we have made an attempt to understand farmers' response to the continuing water scarcity. Results show that farmers' education status (primary school and high school level) and plot size are encouraging farmers to go for explorative extraction while farming experience and awareness (about causes of the scarcity) are discouraging it. Explorative extraction results in higher investments, lower gross farm income and shorter well life. Respondents' awareness about human causes of resource scarcity is prompting adoption of conservation measures. Decision to introduce drip irrigation as a major demand management strategy is positively influenced by plot size, government subsidy support and externality cost of well failures.

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“…Examples include the analysis of the external effects of the overdraft of groundwater for irrigation in India. The solutions in such cases typically include the allocation of property rights, mechanisms to regulate extraction, and the development of infrastructure to enhance groundwater recharge (Reddy, 2005; Diwakara and Chandrakanth, 2007).…”

Section: Addressing Environmental Externalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment and development economics 20 years on

Perrings¹

2014

Envir. Dev. Econ.

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This paper reviews the evolution of the field of environment and development over the last two decades. I argue that a central concern of the field has been the relation between natural resource use, income and growth, under the institutional and market conditions that prevail in developing countries. Particular attention is paid to the demographic and other drivers of change in the asset base, the linkages between poverty, property rights and the allocation of natural resources, the valuation of environmental assets and investment of resource rents, and the development of policies for managing environmental externalities and environmental public goods. I consider how the balance between topics and the treatment of individual topics has changed over time, and indicate how the field might be expected to move in the future.

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Beating negative externality through groundwater recharge in India: a resource economic analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

How does groundwater depletion contribute to unequal access to the resource among classes of farmers? evidences from case studies in the center of Tunisia

How does groundwater depletion contribute to unequal access to the resource among classes of farmers? evidences from case studies in the center of Tunisia

To conserve or to explore? farm-level strategies to manage groundwater

Environment and development economics 20 years on

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