Beckerite

Bernstein ist einer der wenigen Edelsteine mit organischer Struktur. Er ist die fossile Form klebriger Pflanzenexsudate (Harze). Untersuchungen mit modernen analytischen Methoden liefern Strukturdaten und geben Aufschluss über die Pflanzenart, die das ursprüngliche Harz produziert hat. Durch massenspektrometrische Analyse der gaschromatographisch getrennten Stoffe können Verbindungen identifiziert werden, auf deren Grundlage eine zuverlässige Klassifizierung der verschiedenen Bernsteinarten möglich ist. Mithilfe der NMR‐Spektroskopie an festem Bernstein wird die Klassifizierung ergänzt. NMR‐Spektroskopie ermöglicht auch die Charakterisierung moderner Harze sowie anderer Arten von Pflanzenexsudaten, z. B. Gummi, Gummiharz und Kinogummis, die zwar in ihrem Erscheinungsbild den Harzen stark ähneln, jedoch ganz anders aufgebaut sind.

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Chemischer Fingerabdruck von fossilen Harzen und rezenten Pflanzenexsudaten

Lambert

Santiago‐Blay

Anderson

2008

Angewandte Chemie

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Chemical Signatures of Fossilized Resins and Recent Plant Exudates

2008

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Amber is one of the few gemstones based on an organic structure. Found over most of the world, it is the fossil form of sticky plant exudates called resins. Investigation of amber by modern analytical techniques provides structural information and insight into the identity of the ancient plants that produced the source resin. Mass spectrometric analysis of materials separated by gas chromatography has identified specific compounds that are the basis of a reliable classification of the different types of amber. NMR spectroscopy of bulk, solid amber provides a complementary classification. NMR spectroscopy also can be used to characterize modern resins as well as other types of plant exudates such as gums, gum resins, and kinos, which strongly resemble resins in appearance but have very different molecular constitutions.

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Analysis of European Amber by Carbon‐13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

1988

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Amber, a class of fossil resins, comprises largely terpenoid components. The structure of the major, insoluble portion has not been defined previously. We report the analysis of European amber by carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy directly on solid samples. Two major types are defined, depending on the appearance of the alkene resonances. Baltic amber (succinite), along with other northern ambers such as gedanite, has a pronounced resonance from an exomethylene group. The southerly ambers (rumanite, schraufite, walchowite, delatynite and true simetites) lack the exomethylene resonances. The succinite group gives spectra consistent with a labdane‐type precursor and the rumanite‐like ambers give spectra consistent with an abietane‐type precursor. These results are best explained by at least two different palaeobotanical sources of the fossil resins.

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Beckerite

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Chemischer Fingerabdruck von fossilen Harzen und rezenten Pflanzenexsudaten

Chemischer Fingerabdruck von fossilen Harzen und rezenten Pflanzenexsudaten

Chemical Signatures of Fossilized Resins and Recent Plant Exudates

Analysis of European Amber by Carbon‐13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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