Becoming an adolescent mother: The experiences of young Indonesian new mothers living with their extended families

Developing the concept of maternal in teenage mothers: a hybrid model

“…Therefore, motherhood is a turning point in the life of a teenager that can cause a fundamental transformation ( Seamark and Lings, 2004 ; Soares and Lopes, 2011 ; Moridi and Aminshokravi, 2018 ; Zainudin, 2019 ; Santos et al, 2021 ). As a result of major physical, mental, social, and cognitive changes during pregnancy and early motherhood, transition to motherhood is considered a stressful process with many responsibilities ( Rentschler, 2003 ; Atuyambe et al, 2005 ; Soares and Lopes, 2011 ; James et al, 2012 ; Anwar and Stanistreet, 2015 ; Kagawa et al, 2017 ; Mangeli et al, 2018a ; Dhaka and Musese, 2019 ; Diamand et al, 2019 ; Franco-Ramírez et al, 2020 ; Gharacheh et al, 2020 ; Govender et al, 2020 ; Malatji et al, 2020 ; Tirgari et al, 2020 ; Kazal et al, 2021 ; Naidoo et al, 2021 ).“Bidirectional effects on life” was another attribute of motherhood in teenage mothers, indicating that motherhood is a process of learning ( Kaye, 2008 ; Klingberg-Allvin et al, 2008 ; Kagawa et al, 2017 ; Santos et al, 2021 ; Erfina et al, 2022 ) and an opportunity to develop, strengthen marriage, and make up for the childhood and adolescence deprivations which can create positive and meaningful paths in life. However, it is a vulnerable period ( Kaye, 2008 ; Margherita et al, 2017 ; Zainudin, 2019 ) and a negative experience for teenage mothers, their children, and society ( Klingberg-Allvin et al, 2008 ; Anwar and Stanistreet, 2015 ; Zainudin, 2019 ); therefore, it can be stated that teenage mothers wilt before blooming ( Gharacheh et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Antecedents are described as actions or measures that must occur first hand before a concept is concluded ( Nukpezah et al, 2020 ). According to the results of the theoretical phase, the antecedents of motherhood in teenage mothers were “the level of received social support,” “reaction to teenage motherhood,” “teenage mother’s characteristics,” and “family structure.” A review of the literature showed that “the level of received social support” was one of the antecedents of motherhood in teenage mothers, which is referred to as “social support” in the literature ( Kagawa et al, 2017 ; Mangeli et al, 2018b ; Dhaka and Musese, 2019 ; Nkwemu et al, 2019 ; Field et al, 2020 ; Gbogbo, 2020 ; Gharacheh et al, 2020 ; Govender et al, 2020 ; Recto and Champion, 2020 ; Tirgari et al, 2020 ; Kazal et al, 2021 ; SmithBattle et al, 2021 ), including family members’ support ( Atuyambe et al, 2005 ; Kaye, 2008 ; James et al, 2012 ; Ngum Chi Watts et al, 2015 ; Kagawa et al, 2017 ; Mangeli et al, 2017 ; Osok et al, 2018 ; Santos et al, 2018 , 2021 ; Amod et al, 2019 ; Campbell and Hart, 2019 ; Diamand et al, 2019 ; Chemutai et al, 2020 ; Gbogbo, 2020 ; Govender et al, 2020 ; Malatji et al, 2020 ; Recto and Champion, 2020 ; Kazal et al, 2021 ; Twintoh et al, 2021 ; Erfina et al, 2022 ), spouse’s support ( Atuyambe et al, 2005 ; Kaye, 2008 ; James et al, 2012 ; Ngum Chi Watts et al, 2015 ; Mangeli et al, 2017 ; Osok et al, 2018 ; Amod et al, 2019 ; Campbell and Hart, 2019 ; Franco-Ramírez et al, 2020 ; Gbogbo, 2020 ; Govender et al, 2020 ; Santos et al, 2021 ; Erfina et al, 2022 ), healthcare providers’ support ( Mangeli et al, 2017 , ...…”

“…“Negative psychological consequences” included a feeling of humiliation, shame, fear, stress, anxiety, depression, shock, guilt, anger, suicide thoughts, isolation, and identity confusion ( Rentschler, 2003 ; Atuyambe et al, 2005 ; Kaye, 2008 ; DeVito, 2010 ; Soares and Lopes, 2011 ; James et al, 2012 ; Mangeli et al, 2017 ; Margherita et al, 2017 ; Sámano et al, 2017 ; Osok et al, 2018 ; Santos et al, 2018 , 2021 ; Amod et al, 2019 ; Campbell and Hart, 2019 ; Dhaka and Musese, 2019 ; Diamand et al, 2019 ; Moridi et al, 2019 ; Nkwemu et al, 2019 ; Sommer et al, 2019 ; Apolot et al, 2020 ; Calver, 2020 ; Chemutai et al, 2020 ; Franco-Ramírez et al, 2020 ; Gbogbo, 2020 ; Gharacheh et al, 2020 ; Govender et al, 2020 ; Malatji et al, 2020 ; Recto and Champion, 2020 ; Tirgari et al, 2020 ; Kazal et al, 2021 ; Naidoo et al, 2021 ; Wainaina et al, 2021 ).“Positive psychological consequences” included gaining respect ( Anwar and Stanistreet, 2015 ; Mangeli et al, 2017 ; Calver, 2020 ; Gharacheh et al, 2020 ), feelings of joy ( Klingberg-Allvin et al, 2008 ; Moridi et al, 2019 ; Sommer et al, 2019 ; Chemutai et al, 2020 ; Franco-Ramírez et al, 2020 ), maturity, reduced risky behavior ( Anwar and Stanistreet, 2015 ; Macintosh and Callister, 2015 ; Ngum Chi Watts et al, 2015 ; SmithBattle et al, 2021 ), learning ( Dhaka and Musese, 2019 ; Santos et al, 2021 ; Erfina et al, 2022 ), an opportunity for positive changes ( Seamark and Lings, 2004 ; Ngum Chi Watts et al, 2015 ; …”

Muslim and Christian Women’s Perceptions of the Influence of Spirituality and Religious Beliefs on Motherhood and Child-Rearing: A Phenomenological Study

“…In the case of Muslim women, this relationship extends to a greater number of women in their family. This is also common among Indonesian women who had positive experiences related to the support they have received, especially from mothers, grandmothers and mothers-inlaw [64], which is more obvious in the case of teenage mothers [65]. In this regard, it can be stated that spirituality positively intervenes in family relationships and in behaviors adopted during child-rearing [66][67][68].…”

Optimalisasi Antenatal Care pada Ibu Hamil di Usia Muda

“…Mereka sering kali menghadapi kendala terkait perawatan kehamilan, asupan makanan selama kehamilan dan menyusui, serta pengasuhan anak. Oleh karena itu, ketergantungan terhadap orang dewasa di sekitarnya, terutama orang tua menjadi sangat besar (Erfina et al, 2022;Widyawati et al, 2019).…”