Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones: comparison of sensor calibration in different gravel‐bed streams

Rickenmann, Dieter; Turowski, Jens M.; Fritschi, Bruno; Wyss, Carlos R.; Laronne, Jonathan B.; Barzilai, Ronel; Reid, Ian; Kreisler, Andrea; Aigner, Johann; Seitz, Hugo; Habersack, Helmut

doi:10.1002/esp.3499

Cited by 120 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To measure the energy delivered by an impact, we used a Swiss plate geophone system sensor unit (Figure 1), which is a sensor system developed for the field monitoring of bedload transport (Rickenmann, Turowski, Fritschi, Klaiber, & Ludwig, 2012;Rickenmann et al, 2014;Turowski, Böckli, Rickenmann, & Beer, 2013;Turowski & Rickenmann, 2011;Turowski, Yager, Badoux, Rickenmann, & Molnar, 2009). The sensor unit contains a geophone fixed in the centre under a steel plate with the dimensions 360 × 500 × 6 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sediment thickness on energy delivery to the bed by bedload impacts

Turowski

Bloem

2015

Geodinamica Acta

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Fluvial bedrock erosion rates due to impacting sediment particles are thought to be proportional to the energy delivered to the bedrock. When sediment particles cover the bed, they reduce the energy transmitted to the bed by an impacting particle. We measured the decline of energy transferred through sediment cover of increasing thickness in laboratory experiments. The energy arriving at the bed is a function both of the cover thickness and the grain size of the covering sediment. Using a simple stochastic model of cover distribution, the experimental results were upscaled to the reach scale. Although cover thickness influences energy delivery heavily at a given point, when averaging over the whole bed, cover-free areas dominate total energy delivery, making partial energy transfer through the cover negligible when a small or intermediate fraction of the bed is covered by sediment. Partial energy delivery through the bed cover is not negligible when a large fraction or the complete bed is already covered, but in this situation, an erosion threshold may become important. On grounds of the presented data, we expect that the areal distribution of sediment in a bedrock channel dominates total energy delivery and that partial energy delivery to the bed through a sediment layer can be neglected for most modelling purposes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sediment thickness on energy delivery to the bed by bedload impacts

Turowski

Bloem

2015

Geodinamica Acta

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“…Using the so-called amplitude histograms (AHs), Wyss et al (2016Wyss et al ( , 2014 demonstrated for the SPG measurements at the Erlenbach (Swiss Prealps) that absolute bedload masses for each grain size class could be successfully calculated for both the calibration and validation data obtained with the moving basket samplers. The continuous recording of AH data was also implemented at the Fischbach and Ruetz measuring sites, with a recording interval of 1 min.…”

Section: Signal Pre-processing Recorded Geophone Values and Amplitumentioning

confidence: 99%

Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up

Rickenmann

Fritschi

2017

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique that has been installed in more than 20 streams, primarily in the European Alps. Here we report about calibration measurements performed in two mountain streams in Austria. The Fischbach and Ruetz gravel-bed streams are characterized by important runoff and bedload transport during the snowmelt season. A total of 31 (Fischbach) and 21 (Ruetz) direct bedload samples were obtained during a 6-year period. Using the number of geophone impulses and total transported bedload mass for each measurement to derive a calibration function results in a strong linear relation for the Fischbach, whereas there is only a poor linear calibration relation for the Ruetz measurements. Instead, using geophone impulse rates and bedload transport rates indicates that two power law relations best represent the Fischbach data, depending on transport intensity; for lower transport intensities, the same power law relation is also in reasonable agreement with the Ruetz data. These results are compared with data and findings from other field sites and flume studies. We further show that the observed coarsening of the grain size distribution with increasing bedload flux can be qualitatively reproduced from the geophone signal, when using the impulse counts along with amplitude information. Finally, we discuss implausible geophone impulse counts that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.

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“…Recorded signals contain information on both sediment impact rate and bedload particle sizes. One of the most widely used techniques consists in recording the signal of particle impacts on steel objects like plates (Rickenmann et al, 2014;Wyss et al, 2016a), pipes (Mao et al, 2016;Mizuyama et al, 2010) or column pipes (Papanicolaou et al, 2009). Other passive instruments consist in directly recording bedload SGN by using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) (Barton, 2006;Bedeus and Ivicsis, 1963;Geay, 2013;Geay et al, 2017a;Thorne, 1986a, b) or seismic monitoring (Gimbert et al, 2014;Roth et al, 2016;Tsai et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other passive instruments consist in directly recording bedload SGN by using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) (Barton, 2006;Bedeus and Ivicsis, 1963;Geay, 2013;Geay et al, 2017a;Thorne, 1986a, b) or seismic monitoring (Gimbert et al, 2014;Roth et al, 2016;Tsai et al, 2012). Measuring bedload GSD with passive methods has been achieved using plates (Barrière et al, 2015;Krein et al, 2014;Rickenmann et al, 2014;Wyss et al, 2016b) or pipes (Dell'Agnese et al, 2014;Mizuyama et al, 2010;Papanicolaou et al, 2009), and SGN (Geay et al, 2017a;Johnson and Muir, 1969;Jonys, 1976;Thorne, 1986a, b), by using experimental laws of calibration. Concerning seismic methods, bedload GSD measurements were not yet proposed as a direct application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive acoustic measurement of bedload grain size distribution using self-generated noise

Petrut¹,

Geay²,

Gervaise³

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Monitoring sediment transport processes in rivers is of particular interest to engineers and scientists to assess the stability of rivers and hydraulic structures. Various methods for sediment transport process description were proposed using conventional or surrogate measurement techniques. This paper addresses the topic of the passive acoustic monitoring of bedload transport in rivers and especially the estimation of the bedload grain size distribution from self-generated noise. It discusses the feasibility of linking the acoustic signal spectrum shape to bedload grain sizes involved in elastic impacts with the river bed treated as a massive slab. Bedload grain size distribution is estimated by a regularized algebraic inversion scheme fed with the power spectrum density of river noise estimated from one hydrophone. The inversion methodology relies upon a physical model that predicts the acoustic field generated by the collision between rigid bodies. Here we proposed an analytic model of the acoustic energy spectrum generated by the impacts between a sphere and a slab. The proposed model computes the power spectral density of bedload noise using a linear system of analytic energy spectra weighted by the grain size distribution. The algebraic system of equations is then solved by least square optimization and solution regularization methods. The result of inversion leads directly to the estimation of the bedload grain size distribution. The inversion method was applied to real acoustic data from passive acoustics experiments realized on the Isère River, in France. The inversion of in situ measured spectra reveals good estimations of grain size distribution, fairly close to what was estimated by physical sampling instruments. These results illustrate the potential of the hydrophone technique to be used as a standalone method that could ensure high spatial and temporal resolution measurements for sediment transport in rivers.

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Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones: comparison of sensor calibration in different gravel‐bed streams

Cited by 120 publications

References 34 publications

The influence of sediment thickness on energy delivery to the bed by bedload impacts

The influence of sediment thickness on energy delivery to the bed by bedload impacts

Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up

Passive acoustic measurement of bedload grain size distribution using self-generated noise

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