Bee Venom: Overview of Main Compounds and Bioactivities for Therapeutic Interests

Wehbe, Rim; Frangieh, Jacinthe; Rima, Mohamad; Obeid, Dany; Sabatier, Jean‐Marc; Fajloun, Ziad

doi:10.3390/molecules24162997

Cited by 239 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…These features optimize their pharmacokinetics and extend their elimination half-life so that they resist enzymatic degradation. The APD contains 3156 AMPs, 98% of which were discovered in nature [13]: many, in fact, were extracted from the skin secretions of frogs [44,[113][114][115] or are toxins from other species, e.g., bees, snakes, and wasps [86,116,117]. In contrast, all the FDA-approved AMPs were discovered in or derived from Gram-positive bacteria commonly found in the soil: Brevibacillus brevis (gramicidin), Streptomyces roseosporus (daptomycin), Amycolatopsis orientalis (vancomycin, which is the prototype of oritavancin, dalbavancin, and telavancin), and Paenibacillus polymyxa (colistin) [118].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Challenges of Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications

2020

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More than 3000 antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been discovered, seven of which have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Now commercialized, these seven peptides have mostly been utilized for topical medications, though some have been injected into the body to treat severe bacterial infections. To understand the translational potential for AMPs, we analyzed FDA-approved drugs in the FDA drug database. We examined their physicochemical properties, secondary structures, and mechanisms of action, and compared them with the peptides in the AMP database. All FDA-approved AMPs were discovered in Gram-positive soil bacteria, and 98% of known AMPs also come from natural sources (skin secretions of frogs and toxins from different species). However, AMPs can have undesirable properties as drugs, including instability and toxicity. Thus, the design and construction of effective AMPs require an understanding of the mechanisms of known peptides and their effects on the human body. This review provides an overview to guide the development of AMPs that can potentially be used as antimicrobial drugs.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Challenges of Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications

2020

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“…The primary component of bee venom is Melittin. This peptide makes up 50-60% of the venom and is the main component responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of bee venom [2]. Other important components of the venom include Phospholipase A2, Apamin, and Mast Cell Degranulating (MCD) peptide, these are found in a lesser amount but can also aid in lessening the symptoms of some common diseases [3].…”

Section: Bee Venom Composition and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology mediated bee venom: Applications in rheumatoid arthritis

Smith

Das

2019

Proceedings of 5th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry

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Bee venom has made medicinal progress, specifically, with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and cancer treatment. However, in spite of this therapy being rooted in the treatment of inflammatory disease, bee venom has made little progress in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This substance is both simple and complex in chemical structure, and a few significant obstacles are limiting the effectiveness of the venom in arthritic patients. Primarily, the nonspecific cytotoxicity of the venom can negatively affect the surrounding cells of the target, and the known degradation of bee venom, before it reaches the target cells, reduces the potency. One promising way to circumvent these issues would be through nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have a high surface area and, in conjunction with proper functionalization, can be used to derive the Melittin and other beneficial components of bee venom into an effective treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis. The primary goal of this work is to study contemporary nanoparticles used in drug delivery and do a comparative study on the bee venom and the nanoparticles, helping to develop bee venom into a viable clinical treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Graphical AbstractNanotechnology mediated bee venom: applications in rheumatoid arthritis

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“…It also contains enzymes (phospholipase A 2 and hyaluronidase), biologically active amines (histamine, dopamine, and epinephrine), free amino acids, and volatile compounds (Wehbe et al . 2019; Zhang et al . 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bee venom contains several active molecules that have therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory and central nervous system diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Wehbe et al . 2019). PLA2 of BV exerts neuroprotective effects in an LPS‐induced mouse model of AD via NF‐κB inhibition (Ham et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on the expression of insulin sensitivity and inflammation‐related genes in co‐culture of adipocytes and macrophages

Kim

Nam

et al. 2020

Entomological Research

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Obese adipose tissue is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and a massive macrophage infiltration. The interaction between macrophages with mature adipocytes releases pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This chronic inflammatory state can contribute to obesity‐related complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we can attempt to prevent and treat obesity‐related diseases by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and blocking their interaction with adipocytes. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom (BV) has been reported to have anti‐inflammatory effects. Although BV is used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, few studies have addressed its use in obesity‐associated inflammation. This study examines the inhibitory effects of BV on lipid accumulation in differentiating preadipocytes, inflammation, and insulin resistance in macrophages and adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture system. We treated 3 T3‐L1 preadipocytes with BV during differentiation. We later measured lipid accumulation and gene expression of master adipogenic transcription factors. After RAW264.7 and 3 T3‐L1 cells were pretreated with BV, RAW264.7 cells were activated with LPS or co‐cultured with pretreated 3 T3‐L1 cells. Gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and insulin sensitizing genes was measured in these cells. BV inhibited lipid accumulation and C/EBPα and PPARγ gene expression during intermediate and late 3 T3‐L1 cell differentiation. BV also suppressed gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (COX‐2, iNOS, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) in LPS‐stimulated macrophages, and in co‐culture of 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. However, adiponectin and GLUT‐4 expression were both significantly increased by BV in co‐culture. These findings demonstrate that BV attenuates adipocyte hypertrophy and improves obesity‐related inflammation and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue.

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Bee Venom: Overview of Main Compounds and Bioactivities for Therapeutic Interests

Cited by 239 publications

References 86 publications

Development and Challenges of Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications

Development and Challenges of Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications

Nanotechnology mediated bee venom: Applications in rheumatoid arthritis

Evaluating the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on the expression of insulin sensitivity and inflammation‐related genes in co‐culture of adipocytes and macrophages

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