BeeKeeper 2.0: Confidential Blockchain-Enabled IoT System with Fully Homomorphic Computation

Abstract

Blockchain-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) systems have received extensive attention from academia and industry. Most previous constructions face the risk of leaking sensitive information since the servers can obtain plaintext data from the devices. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a decentralized outsourcing computation (DOC) scheme, where the servers can perform fully homomorphic computations on encrypted data from the data owner according to the request of the data owner. In this process, the servers cannot obtain any plaintext data, and dishonest servers can be detected by the data owner. Then, we apply the DOC scheme in the IoT scenario to achieve a confidential blockchain-enabled IoT system, called BeeKeeper 2.0. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which servers of a blockchain-enabled IoT system can perform any-degree homomorphic multiplications and any number of additions on encrypted data from devices according to the requests of the devices without obtaining any plaintext data of the devices. Finally, we provide a detailed performance evaluation for the BeeKeeper 2.0 system by deploying it on Hyperledger Fabric and using Hyperledger Caliper for performance testing. According to our tests, the time consumed between the request stage and recover stage is no more than 3.3 s, which theoretically satisfies the production needs.

Blockchain‐based security aspects in heterogeneous Internet‐of‐Things networks: A survey

“…Lightweight BC for resource-constrained devices 45,51,57 Consensus protocols 45,66,71 Scalability and processing overheads 51,59,63 Latency and throughput 46,72,73 Energy efficiency 45,74,75 Identity 74, [76][77][78] Auditability and accountability 33,75,79 BC-based authentication schemes 35 data without learning anything from them. Their system consists of record nodes and light nodes.…”

“…The verification of correctness of responses sent by the servers is done by pairing, which is computationally expensive. Due to these limitations of Beekeeper 1.0, Zhou et al proposed Beekeeper 2.0 , which is much more efficient and functional. In the BeeKeeper 2.0 system, the data can be shared by the devices without disclosing the plaintext data to the servers.…”

eHealth Integrity Model Based on Permissioned Blockchain

“…A secure EHR system based on blockchain technology and an attribute-based cryptosystem was proposed by Wang and Song [17]. Zhou et al [18] proposed BeeKeeper 2.0, a confidential blockchain-enabled IoT system using a decentralized outsourcing computation scheme. Lastly, Li et al…”

Privacy and Security for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices and Networks: Research Challenges and Opportunities

“…Alabdulkarim et al developed a privacy-preserving single decision tree algorithm for resource-constrained IoT devices in the paper entitled “PPSDT: A Novel Privacy-Preserving Single Decision Tree Algorithm for Clinical Decision-Support Systems Using IoT Devices” [11]. This work utilizes the homomorphic encryption cipher to protect data.…”