BEER ANALYSIS OFKEPLERANDCoRoTLIGHT CURVES. II. EVIDENCE FOR SUPERROTATION IN THE PHASE CURVES OF THREEKEPLERHOT JUPITERS

Faigler, S.; Mazeh, T.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/800/1/73

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…In Paper II, Faigler & Mazeh (2015) showed evidence for equatorial superrotation of three hot Jupiters measured by Kepler -KOI-13, In this paper we present RV confirmation of seventy new beaming binaries found by BEER in CoRoT light curves. The targets were selected from the first five long-run center CoRoT fields and were confirmed using the AAOmega multiobject spectrograph (Lewis et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

BEER analysis ofKeplerand CoRoT light curves

Tal-Or

Faigler

Mazeh

2015

A&A

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Context. The BEER algorithm searches stellar light curves for the BEaming, Ellipsoidal, and Reflection photometric modulations that are caused by a short-period companion. These three effects are typically of very low amplitude and can mainly be detected in light curves from space-based photometers. Unlike eclipsing binaries, these effects are not limited to edge-on inclinations. Aims. Applying the algorithm to wide-field photometric surveys such as CoRoT and Kepler offers an opportunity to better understand the statistical properties of short-period binaries. It also widens the window for detecting intrinsically rare systems, such as shortperiod brown-dwarf and massive-planetary companions to main-sequence stars. Methods. Applying the search to the first five long-run center CoRoT fields, we identified 481 non-eclipsing candidates with periodic flux amplitudes of 0.5-87 mmag. Optimizing the Anglo-Australian-Telescope pointing coordinates and the AAOmega fiberallocations with dedicated softwares, we acquired six spectra for 231 candidates and seven spectra for another 50 candidates in a seven-night campaign. Analysis of the red-arm AAOmega spectra, which covered the range of 8342-8842 Å, yielded a radial-velocity precision of ∼1 km s −1 . Spectra containing lines of more than one star were analyzed with the two-dimensional correlation algorithm TODCOR. Results. The measured radial velocities confirmed the binarity of seventy of the BEER candidates -45 single-line binaries, 18 doubleline binaries, and 7 diluted binaries. We show that red giants introduce a major source of false candidates and demonstrate a way to improve BEER's performance in extracting higher fidelity samples from future searches of CoRoT light curves. The periods of the confirmed binaries span a range of 0.3-10 days and show a rise in the number of binaries per ΔlogP toward longer periods. The estimated mass ratios of the double-line binaries and the mass ratios assigned to the single-line binaries, assuming an isotropic inclination distribution, span a range of 0.03-1. On the low-mass end, we have detected two brown-dwarf candidates on a ∼1 day period orbit. Conclusions. This is the first time non-eclipsing beaming binaries are detected in CoRoT data, and we estimate that ∼300 such binaries can be detected in the CoRoT long-run light curves.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

BEER analysis ofKeplerand CoRoT light curves

Tal-Or

Faigler

Mazeh

2015

A&A

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“…As a result, the phase variations induced by the planetary atmosphere alone cannot typically be viewed directly (but see Shporer & Hu 2015, for a few cases where this is possible). Esteves et al (2015) identified an eastward atmospheric phase shift of 6.97 ± 0.30 deg in the Kepler data, while Faigler & Mazeh (2015) measured it to be 8.0 ± 2.0 deg and 5.4 ± 1.5 deg for the two models they used. Although small in value, those results are statistically significant and consistent with each other, suggesting that the visible-light phase shift may be caused by thermal emission from an eastward-shifted hot spot.…”

Section: Phase Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3.6 AND 4.5 μm SPITZER PHASE CURVES OF THE HIGHLY IRRADIATED HOT JUPITERS WASP-19b AND HAT-P-7b

Wong

Knutson

Kataria

et al. 2016

ApJ

160

130

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We analyze full-orbit phase curve observations of the transiting hot Jupiters WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, obtained using the Spitzer Space Telescope. For WASP-19b, we measure secondary eclipse depths of  0.485% 0.024% and  0.584% 0.029% at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, which are consistent with a single blackbody with effective temperature 2372 ± 60 K. The measured 3.6 and 4.5 μm secondary eclipse depths for HAT-P-7b are  0.156% 0.009% and  0.190% 0.006%, which are well described by a single blackbody with effective temperature 2667 ± 57 K. Comparing the phase curves to the predictions of one-dimensional and threedimensional atmospheric models, we find that WASP-19b's dayside emission is consistent with a model atmosphere with no dayside thermal inversion and moderately efficient day-night circulation. We also detect an eastward-shifted hotspot, which suggests the presence of a superrotating equatorial jet. In contrast, HAT-P-7b's dayside emission suggests a dayside thermal inversion and relatively inefficient day-night circulation; no hotspot shift is detected. For both planets, these same models do not agree with the measured nightside emission. The discrepancies in the model-data comparisons for WASP-19b might be explained by high-altitude silicate clouds on the nightside and/or high atmospheric metallicity, while the very low 3.6 μm nightside planetary brightness for HAT-P-7b may be indicative of an enhanced global C/O ratio. We compute Bond albedos of 0.38 ± 0.06 and 0 (<0.08 at s 1 ) for WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b, respectively. In the context of other planets with thermal phase curve measurements, we show that WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b fit the general trend of decreasing day-night heat recirculation with increasing irradiation.

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“…Since the phase curve is not expected to have a sine component at the first harmonic but only a cosine component, after the fit is done the time t is set to t , a time with a zero point that brings a 2s to zero while a 2c is negative (see more details in Faigler & Mazeh 2011). Then in the second step of the fitting a linear 4-parameter model is fitted:…”

Section: Astrophysical Uses Of Optical Phase Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Astrophysics of Visible-light Orbital Phase Curves in the Space Age

Shporer

2017

PASP

130

107

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The field of visible-light continuous time series photometry is now at its golden age, manifested by the continuum of past (CoRoT, Kepler), present (K2), and future (TESS, PLATO) space-based surveys delivering high precision data with a long baseline for a large number of stars. The availability of the high quality data has enabled astrophysical studies not possible before, including for example detailed asteroseismic investigations and the study of the exoplanet census including small planets. This has also allowed to study the minute photometric variability following the orbital motion in stellar binaries and star-planet systems which is the subject of this review. We focus on systems with a main sequence primary and a low-mass secondary, from a small star to a massive planet. The orbital modulations are induced by a combination of gravitational and atmospheric processes, including the beaming effect, tidal ellipsoidal distortion, reflected light, and thermal emission. Therefore, the phase curve shape contains information about the companion's mass and atmospheric characteristics, making phase curves a useful astrophysical tool. For example, phase curves can be used to detect and measure the mass of short-period low-mass companions orbiting hot fast-rotating stars, out of reach of other detection methods. Another interesting application of phase curves is using the orbital phase modulations to look for non-transiting systems, which comprise the majority of stellar binary and star-planet systems. We discuss the science done with phase curves, the first results obtained so far, and the current difficulties and open questions related to this young and evolving subfield.

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BEER ANALYSIS OFKEPLERANDCoRoTLIGHT CURVES. II. EVIDENCE FOR SUPERROTATION IN THE PHASE CURVES OF THREEKEPLERHOT JUPITERS

Cited by 55 publications

References 63 publications

BEER analysis ofKeplerand CoRoT light curves

BEER analysis ofKeplerand CoRoT light curves

3.6 AND 4.5 μm SPITZER PHASE CURVES OF THE HIGHLY IRRADIATED HOT JUPITERS WASP-19b AND HAT-P-7b

The Astrophysics of Visible-light Orbital Phase Curves in the Space Age

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