Beer–Lambert law for optical tissue diagnostics: current state of the art and the main limitations

Oshina, Ilze; Spīgulis, Jānis

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.26.10.100901

Cited by 100 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Of note, another recent study [ 29 ] concluded that the simple form of the Beer–Lambert law that was used in the present study fails at high absorber or scatterer concentrations, but in combination with a correction for reflection losses (as performed in the present study) it gives reliable results for biological tissues such as the specimens used in the present study [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

More than Ninety Percent of the Light Energy Emitted by Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Devices Used to Treat Musculoskeletal Disorders Is Absorbed within the First Ten Millimeters of Biological Tissue

Kaub

Schmitz

2022

Biomedicines

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There is increasing interest in the application of near-infrared (NIR) laser light for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. The present study thoroughly examined the physical characteristics of laser beams from two different laser therapy devices that are commercially available for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Then, these laser beams were used to measure the penetration depth in various biological tissues from different animal species. The key result of the present study was the finding that for all investigated tissues, most of the initial light energy was lost in the first one to two millimeters, more than 90% of the light energy was absorbed within the first ten millimeters, and there was hardly any light energy left after 15–20 mm of tissue. Furthermore, the investigated laser therapy devices fundamentally differed in several laser beam parameters that can have an influence on how light is transmitted through tissue. Overall, the present study showed that a laser therapy device that is supposed to reach deep layers of tissue for treatments of musculoskeletal disorders should operate with a wavelength between 800 nm and 905 nm, a top-hat beam profile, and it should emit very short pulses with a large peak power.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

More than Ninety Percent of the Light Energy Emitted by Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Devices Used to Treat Musculoskeletal Disorders Is Absorbed within the First Ten Millimeters of Biological Tissue

Kaub

Schmitz

2022

Biomedicines

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“…According to the Modified Beer–Lambert Law (MBLL) [ 23 ], the UCL4 algorithm [ 18 , 24 ] was applied to calculate the concentration evolution of these elements through this matrix equation

where Δ[X] is the concentration change of the chromophore X. d, the physical distance between the light emitter and the photodetector, has a different value in reflection and transmission. For transmission, it is the cross-sectional diameter of the SC, which is 1 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

Mainard

Tsiakaka

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The spinal cord is a major structure of the central nervous system allowing, among other things, the transmission of afferent sensory and efferent motor information. During spinal surgery, such as scoliosis correction, this structure can be damaged, resulting in major neurological damage to the patient. To date, there is no direct way to monitor the oxygenation of the spinal cord intraoperatively to reflect its vitality. This is essential information that would allow surgeons to adapt their procedure in case of ischemic suffering of the spinal cord. We report the development of a specific device to monitor the functional status of biological tissues with high resolution. The device, operating with multiple wavelengths, uses Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with other additional sensors, including ElectroNeuroGraphy (ENG). In this paper, we focused primarily on aspects of the PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG), emanating from four different light sources to show in real time and record biological signals from the spinal cord in transmission and reflection modes. This multispectral system was successfully tested in in vivo experiments on the spinal cord of a pig for specific medical applications.

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“…Conventional SD methods are based on the Beer-Lambert Law, which relates, linearly, the attenuation of non-scattering light to the properties of the stained tissue through which the light is travelling 10 . Application of Beer’s law is hindered under certain conditions due to complex non-linear image formation, including but not limited to saturation effect from high concentrations, scatter effects, and light polychromaticity, which are ubiquitous conditions in digital pathology images 11 . This leads to systemic deconvolution error, especially for special stains, in conventional SD algorithms 12,13 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

General stain deconvolution of histopathology images with physics-guided deep learning

Chen

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Advances have been made in the use of deep learning to extract quantitative and predictive information from digital pathology slides, yet many barriers remain before clinical translation and deployment. In particular, models need to be generalizable despite the wide variations in image characteristics due to inter-scanner variability and differences in slide preparation protocols. This has led to an interest in stain deconvolution methods that could correct for the variability in image appearances. However, most existing stain deconvolution methods were developed and validated on specific datasets and perform poorly on unseen data. We developed Physics-Guided Deep Image Prior network for Stain deconvolution (PGDIPS), a method that combines a novel optical physics model and a self-supervised deep neural network to perform deconvolution for various classes and any number of stains, without the need of training data. PGDIPS outperformed state-of-the-art approaches for the deconvolution of conventional stain combinations, enabled analysis of previously unsupported special stains, and provided superior interpretability by explicitly encoding representations for stain properties and the light transmittance/absorbance process. PGDIPS is publicly available as an end-to-end off-the-shelf tool that does not require data curation, domain knowledge or high computation power.

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Beer–Lambert law for optical tissue diagnostics: current state of the art and the main limitations

Cited by 100 publications

References 51 publications

More than Ninety Percent of the Light Energy Emitted by Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Devices Used to Treat Musculoskeletal Disorders Is Absorbed within the First Ten Millimeters of Biological Tissue

More than Ninety Percent of the Light Energy Emitted by Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Devices Used to Treat Musculoskeletal Disorders Is Absorbed within the First Ten Millimeters of Biological Tissue

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

General stain deconvolution of histopathology images with physics-guided deep learning

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