Beet Armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Northeast Louisiana: Observations on an Uncommon Insect Pest

Burris, E.; Graves, J. B.; Leonard, B. R.; White, C. A.

doi:10.2307/3495699

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important polyphagous insect pest on vegetables, cotton, wheat, maize, and ornamental plants (Burris et al 1994;Suenaga and Tanaka 1997;Luo 1998a, 1999). It is also a worldwide pest that occurs in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions at latitudes between 35°to 40°S and 40°to 57°N (Zhang and Zhao 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of the heat shock protein 90 and 70 genes from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and expression characteristics in relation to thermal stress and development

Jiang

Zhai

Wang

et al. 2012

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Two full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein (HSP) genes (Se-hsp90 and Se-hsp70) were cloned from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and their expression was investigated in relation to cold shock, heat shock, and development. The open reading frames of Se-hsp90 and Sehsp70 are 2,154 and 2,004 bp in length, encoding polypeptides of 717 and 667 amino acids with a molecular mass of 82.6 and 72.5 kDa, respectively. Both genes showed high similarity to their counterparts in other species. Transcriptional expression profiles revealed that both genes were significantly up-regulated under thermal stress. However, the temperature at which expression level became significantly higher than that of controls varied between genes. Intensity of response to temperature was more intense for Se-hsp70 than for Se-hsp90, regardless of temperature or developmental stage. However, intensities of response to temperature of either Se-hsp90 or Se-hsp70 varied with developmental stage. The basal expression of both genes was highest in young larvae and decreased with age. Translational expression of Se-Hsp70 was observed by using Western blot, the expression profiles of Se-Hsp70 protein were in high agreement with those of Se-hsp70 RNA under heat or cold stress in larvae and pupae. However, it does not completely accord with that of Sehsp70 RNA expression during development without thermal stress. These results indicated that, in addition to heat shock responses, both Se-hsp90 and Se-hsp70 might be involved in development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of the heat shock protein 90 and 70 genes from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and expression characteristics in relation to thermal stress and development

Jiang

Zhai

Wang

et al. 2012

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…It is a cosmopolitan species that attacks Ͼ90 plant species in North America, many of which are crop plants (Pearson 1982). Insecticides directed against the larval stage of beet armyworm are the primary method of control, but high tolerance to most insecticides and associated environmental problems may jeopardize their continued use (Brewer and Trumble 1991, Burris et al 1994, Sparks et al 1996, Mascarenhas et al 1996. Therefore, control programs should not rely solely on insecticides, and alternative control strategies that prevent the development of population outbreaks or reduce the cost of management are needed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Plant Preferences for Oviposition

Greenberg¹,

Sappington²,

Sétamou

et al. 2002

Environ Entomol

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“…The Egyptian cotton leafworm, a major pest in African and Mediterranean countries, favors fodder crops but also feeds on vegetables, industrial crops, medical plants, ornamentals, and trees. Young Spodoptera larvae may be controlled by pyrethroids, DDT, chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphorous insecticides (14,28). However, because the eggs are laid on grassland, the efficiency of chemical insecticides, including methomyl and Pirate (AC303630), is rather limited (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young Spodoptera larvae may be controlled by pyrethroids, DDT, chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphorous insecticides (14,28). However, because the eggs are laid on grassland, the efficiency of chemical insecticides, including methomyl and Pirate (AC303630), is rather limited (28). During the past few decades a considerable effort was therefore invested into the development of alternative insecticides to control armyworms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A synthetic cryIC gene, encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, confers Spodoptera resistance in alfalfa and tobacco

Strizhov

Keller

Mathur

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

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Spodoptera species, representing widespread polyphagous insect pests, are resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis ␦-endotoxins used thus far as insecticides in transgenic plants. Here we describe the chemical synthesis of a cryIC gene by a novel template directed ligation-PCR method. This simple and economical method to construct large synthetic genes can be used when routine resynthesis of genes is required. Chemically phosphorylated adjacent oligonucleotides of the gene to be synthesized are assembled and ligated on a single-stranded, partially homologous template derived from a wild-type gene (cryIC in our case) by a thermostable Pfu DNA ligase using repeated cycles of melting, annealing, and ligation. The resulting synthetic DNA strands are selectively amplified by PCR with short specific f lanking primers that are complementary only to the new synthetic DNA. Optimized expression of the synthetic cryIC gene in alfalfa and tobacco results in the production of 0.01-0.2% of total soluble proteins as CryIC toxin and provides protection against the Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). To facilitate selection and breeding of Spodoptera-resistant plants, the cryIC gene was linked to a pat gene, conferring resistance to the herbicide BASTA.Insecticidal Cry proteins, produced as protoxins in parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are active as selective entomocidal agents. The crystalline Bt protoxins are solubilized and activated in the midgut of insects by proteolysis. The activated toxins (60-70 kDa) bind to the membrane of midgut columnar cells and form ion channels, inducing osmotic lysis of the epithelium (1-3). Engineering of insect resistance in maize, rice, cotton, tomato, potato, and tobacco shows that a significant modification of the bacterial cry coding sequences is essential to express these Bt toxin genes in plants (4-11). Efficient transcription of recombinant cry genes in plant cell nuclei was achieved by the removal of AϩT-rich sequences that may cause mRNA instability (8-11) or aberrant splicing (12), and the translation of cry mRNAs is enhanced by modification of their codon usage to make it more similar to that of the host plant (8). Expression of bacterial cry genes in chloroplasts may overcome these technological demands; however, to date chloroplast transformation is only available in tobacco (13).The insecticidal spectrum of Bt toxins thus far expressed in transgenic plants is limited. Therefore, the engineering of Bt toxins with novel specificity is essential for the biological control of recalcitrant plague insects, such as Spodoptera. Members of the Spodoptera genus (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) feed on over 40 different plant families world-wide, including at least 87 species of economic importance (14). Studies of Spodoptera-specific Bt isolates indicated that many of them synthesize CryIC ␦-endotoxins that are much more effective against these insects than other CryI proteins (15). Here we describe the chemical synthesi...

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Beet Armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Northeast Louisiana: Observations on an Uncommon Insect Pest

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Cloning of the heat shock protein 90 and 70 genes from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and expression characteristics in relation to thermal stress and development

Cloning of the heat shock protein 90 and 70 genes from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and expression characteristics in relation to thermal stress and development

Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Plant Preferences for Oviposition

A synthetic cryIC gene, encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, confers Spodoptera resistance in alfalfa and tobacco

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