This dissertation will investigate the historical significance and modern application of Beethoven's improvisations in performance, first by observing what we know through primary sources and eye-witness accounts, then by considering the reasons for the absence of improvisation in modern performance practice and the steps that could be taken towards reincorporating classical improvisation into modern pedagogy, and finally by offering historically-based improvisation exercises and written-out examples of improvisations in Beethoven's works to benefit modern pianists. iii DEDICATIONS To Dr. Peter Amstutz, who patiently listens, encourages, and gives me freedom to grow, no matter how crazy my ideas are. To Dr. John Salmon, who inspired me with the idea in the first place, provided me with resources, and pointed me in the right direction. To Dr. John Cheek, who introduced Beethoven to me as a normal person who was capable of extraordinary things, and who made me believe the same about myself. To my Savior, whose awesome paradox of Spirit and Truth, the written and the unwritten, Scriptura and Rhema, casts shadows throughout this little research project-just as He is reflected in so many unexpected corners of this life.