Beginning Experimental Psychology

Bentley, Madison; Bartley, S. Howard

doi:10.2307/1418855

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Changes in many other important aspects of the perceived properties of objects are related to deviations from distance constancy; i.e., to cases in which apparent distance does not correspond to actual distance. At least apparent size, shape, orientation in space, and possibly brightness (1,3,18,22,34,36) can be shown to be dependent on apparent distance. Apparent distance, however, is in turn dependent on size, shape, orientation in space, and brightness (1,3,17,18,23,25), so that analogous statements can be made reversing the direction of the effect.…”

Section: Berkeley Himself Insists That Experience Is Significant; Ind...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least apparent size, shape, orientation in space, and possibly brightness (1,3,18,22,34,36) can be shown to be dependent on apparent distance. Apparent distance, however, is in turn dependent on size, shape, orientation in space, and brightness (1,3,17,18,23,25), so that analogous statements can be made reversing the direction of the effect. If the apparent size, shape, orientation, and brightness of an object deviate from the objective size, shape, etc., then both the apparent absolute distance of the object and the apparent relative distances of various parts of the object will deviate from the corresponding objective distances (1,2,20,23,25).…”

Section: Berkeley Himself Insists That Experience Is Significant; Ind...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Constancies in Perceptual Theory.

Ittelson¹

Human Behavior From the Transactional Point of View.

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We live and act in a world which we perceive as relatively stable in spite of the ever-changing impingements on our sense organs. This fact becomes a problem to those interested in evolving simplified conceptual explanatory systems. It has interested philosophers of all times and has troubled psychologists ever since that discipline was born. It has helped to form the foundation of one psychological system and to work the downfall of another. Whatever may be the ultimate evaluation of psychological theorists, on one statement all can agree: it is this simple fact of perceptual constancy which makes effective actions possible, from the simplest to the most complex, from walking across the street to striving for a sane social order. Without it mere survival would be impossible.As most commonly used in psychological literature, constancy refers to the similarity between specific apparent properties (such as the size, shape, or color) of two or more objects producing different "proximal" stimuli, with emphasis on the correspondence between these perceived properties and the "actual" properties of the objects. The objects need not be viewed simultaneously and indeed may be the same object viewed at different times. This leads directly to the continuous viewing of the same object, which is related to effects which can be termed "continuity" as opposed to constancy (27, p. 304). In actual experience, however, continuity is the rule, and constancy, as traditionally investigated, merely represents a "sample" picked out for study from the more general experienced continuity. In this paper, therefore, any behavior which tends to preserve the continuity and stability o£ the perceived world in the face of ever-changing relationships between observer and environment will be labeled "constancy."

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Section: Berkeley Himself Insists That Experience Is Significant; Ind...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Berkeley Himself Insists That Experience Is Significant; Ind...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Constancies in Perceptual Theory.

Ittelson¹

Human Behavior From the Transactional Point of View.

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“…The literature has demonstrated that men's awareness of an observed object in motion is not necessarily an indication of what is occurring in reality (4,5,6,9,11). Observations, are in part, relative to assumptions developed through personal experiences.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Differences of Selected Football Players, Dancers, and Nonperformers to a Given Stimulus

Slusher

1966

Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical E

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“…At least apparent size, shape, orientation in space, and possibly brightness (1,3,17,21,32,34) can be shown to be dependent on apparent distance. Apparent distance, however, is in turn dependent on size, shape, orientation in space, and brightness (1,3,16,17,22,24), so that analogous statements can be made reversing the direction of the effect. If the apparent size, shape, orientation, and brightness of an object deviate from the objective size, shape, etc., then both the apparent absolute distance of the object and the apparent relative distances of various parts of the object will deviate from the corresponding objective distances (1,2,19,22,24).…”

Section: The Constancies In Visual Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The constancies in visual perception.

Ittleson¹

1961

Explorations in Transactional Psychology.

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W E LIVE AND ACT in a world which we perceive as relatively stable in spite of the ever-changing impingements on our sense organs. This fact becomes a problem to those interested in evolving simplified conceptual explanatory systems. It has interested philosophers of all times and has troubled psychologists ever since that discipline was born. It has helped to form the foundation of one psychological system and to work the downfall of another. Whatever may be the ultimate evaluation of psychological theorists, on one statement all can agree: it is this simple fact of perceptual constancy that makes effective actions possible, from the simplest to the most complex, from walking across

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Beginning Experimental Psychology

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The Constancies in Perceptual Theory.

The Constancies in Perceptual Theory.

Perceptual Differences of Selected Football Players, Dancers, and Nonperformers to a Given Stimulus

The constancies in visual perception.

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