“…Many studies (conducted primarily in North America) have highlighted the importance of story telling, interactive book reading, availability of print materials in the home, and adult modelling of literate behaviour (e.g., Alexander et al, 1997;Beals, 2001;Dauber et al, 1996;Hart and Risley, 1995;Li and Rao, 2000;Lonigan, 2004;Miller and Moore, 1989;Pallas et al, 1987;Paratore et al, 2010;Phillips and Lonigan, 2005;Weizman and Snow, 2001;Whitehurst and Lonigan, 1998). While some researchers have reported similar findings across countries (e.g., Aram, 2010;Aram and Aviram, 2009;Aram and Levin, 2001;Kalia and Reese, 2009;Manolitsis et al, 2009;Street, 1984), others have found that culture-specific beliefs and practices may have a mediating effect on language and literacy development (e.g., Chao, 2001;Heath, 1982;Reese and Gallimore, 2000;Strasser and Lissi, 2009;Yamamoto and Holloway, 2010;Bradley and Corwyn, 2005). Thus, the role of national differences in practices related to literacy development remains unclear.…”