Begomoviruses and Their Emerging Threats in South Korea: A Review

Khan, M. S.; Ji, S H; Chun, Se Chul

doi:10.5423/ppj.2012.28.2.123

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (Chang et al 2010;Khan et al 2012;Jyothsna et al 2013;Bandaranayake et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical transmission of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus to cucurbit germplasm: selection of tolerance sources in Cucumis melo

2015

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Cucurbits are major crop species, including fruits and vegetables cultivated worldwide that supply essential vitamins and minerals to current diets in developed and developing countries. Viral diseases are main factors affecting cucurbits cultivation. The most widespread and damaging have been aphidborne viruses belonging to the Potyviridae family. Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses (Geminiviridae) have been identified more recently in different cucurbit species. A severe outbreak of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) occurred in pumpkins and melons in the main production area of Southern Spain in 2012-2014. We developed a mechanical inoculation method to facilitate the screening of germplasm against this virus. Mechanical transmission with this method was confirmed in 4 genera and 13 species of the family, including the main crops, cucumber, melon, watermelon and pumpkins, and also croprelated exotic germplasm (landraces and wild species) used for cucurbits breeding. Diversity in the response was observed within and among species. Tolerance to mechanical transmission of ToLCNDV was identified in melon, within Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis var. momordica and in wild agrestis accessions. All the tolerant accessions came from India, the country in which this virus was firstly reported. Some of these accessions have been previously reported to be tolerant or resistant to other viruses and as they are fully crossable to commercial melons, they are good sources to develop new melon varieties with tolerance to ToLCNDV.

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“…), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (Chang et al 2010;Khan et al 2012;Jyothsna et al 2013;Bandaranayake et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical transmission of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus to cucurbit germplasm: selection of tolerance sources in Cucumis melo

2015

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“…Later, it was found in neighbouring countries on several hosts, particularly vegetable species of the Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae families (Chang et al, 2010;Pratap et al, 2011;Khan et al, 2012;Jyothsna et al, 2013;Bandaranayake et al, 2014). During the last decade, its host range has increased and the virus has invaded new countries, arriving into Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…ToLCNDV is transmitted in a persistent manner by the whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci sibling species group (Chang et al, 2010;Islam et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2012;Jyothsna et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Cucurbita spp.

Sáez

Martínez

Ferriol

et al. 2016

Annals of Applied Biology

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Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) first reported in India and its neighbouring countries. ToLCNDV severely affects zucchini crop (Cucurbita pepo) in the main production areas of Southern Spain since 2012. This emerging begomovirus is a serious threat to this and other cucurbit crops. Breeding resistant cultivars is the most promising method for disease control, but requires the identification of sources of resistance in the Cucurbita genus. In this work, we screened for ToLCNDV resistance a large collection of Cucurbita spp. accessions, including landraces and commercial cultivars of the main cultivated species, C. pepo, Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita maxima and wild species. The screening was performed using mechanical and whitefly inoculation. The level of resistance was assessed by scoring symptom severity and by measuring the virus content with quantitative polymerase chain reaction in selected genotypes. Diversity in the response was observed within and among species. Severe symptoms and high viral amounts were found at 30 days after mechanical and whitefly inoculation in C. pepo, in all accessions belonging to the Zucchini morphotype and to other morphotypes of both subspecies, pepo and ovifera, and even in the wild relative Cucurbita fraterna. C. maxima was also highly susceptible. This species showed characteristic symptoms of leaf decay and intense yellowing, different from those of mosaic, curling and internode shortening found in C. pepo. The only species showing resistance was C. moschata. Four accessions were symptomless or had some plants with only mild symptoms after three independent rounds of mechanical inoculation with different inoculum sources. Two of them also remained symptomless after virus inoculation with viruliferous whiteflies. ToLCNDV was detected in these asymptomatic accessions at 15 and 30 days post inoculation, but viral amounts were much lower than those found in susceptible genotypes, suggesting a high level of resistance. The symptoms in the susceptible accessions of this species were also different, with a characteristic leaf mottling, evolving to a severe mosaic. The newly identified C. moschata resistant accessions are good candidates for breeding programmes to avoid the damage caused by ToLCNDV.

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“…Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a begomovirus with a bipartite genome. This virus could cause severe damage to many economically important crops in the families of Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae, including tomato, pepper, potato, cucumber, melon, sponge gourd, and pumpkin (Padidam et al , ; Samretwanich et al , ; Usharani et al , ; Hussain et al , ; Ito et al ., ; Khan et al , ; Lopez et al , ). ToLCNDV DNA‐A has two open reading frames (ORFs; AV1 and AV2 ) on the viral‐sense strand and four ORFs ( AC1 to AC4 ) on the antisense strand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single amino acid substitution in the movement protein enables the mechanical transmission of a geminivirus

Lee

Zheng

Chan

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Begomoviruses of the Geminiviridae are usually transmitted by whiteflies and rarely by mechanical inoculation. We used tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus, to address this issue. Most ToLCNDV isolates are not mechanically transmissible to their natural hosts. The ToLCNDV‐OM isolate, originally identified from a diseased oriental melon plant, is mechanically transmissible, while the ToLCNDV‐CB isolate, from a diseased cucumber plant, is not. Genetic swapping and pathological tests were performed to identify the molecular determinants involved in mechanical transmission. Various viral infectious clones were constructed and successfully introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana, oriental melon, and cucumber plants by Agrobacterium‐mediated inoculation. Mechanical transmissibility was assessed via direct rub inoculation with sap prepared from infected N. benthamiana. The presence or absence of viral DNA in plants was validated by PCR, Southern blotting, and in situ hybridization. The results reveal that mechanical transmissibility is associated with the movement protein (MP) of viral DNA‐B in ToLCNDV‐OM. However, the nuclear shuttle protein of DNA‐B plays no role in mechanical transmission. Analyses of infectious clones carrying a single amino acid substitution reveal that the glutamate at amino acid position 19 of MP in ToLCNDV‐OM is critical for mechanical transmissibility. The substitution of glutamate with glycine at this position in the MP of ToLCNDV‐OM abolishes mechanical transmissibility. In contrast, the substitution of glycine with glutamate at the 19th amino acid position in the MP of ToLCNDV‐CB enables mechanical transmission. This is the first time that a specific geminiviral movement protein has been identified as a determinant of mechanical transmissibility.

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Begomoviruses and Their Emerging Threats in South Korea: A Review

Cited by 23 publications

References 146 publications

Mechanical transmission of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus to cucurbit germplasm: selection of tolerance sources in Cucumis melo

Mechanical transmission of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus to cucurbit germplasm: selection of tolerance sources in Cucumis melo

Resistance to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Cucurbita spp.

A single amino acid substitution in the movement protein enables the mechanical transmission of a geminivirus

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