Behavior and Ecology of the White-Footed Tamarin (Saguinus Leucopus) in a Fragmented Landscape of Colombia: Small Bodied Primates and Seed Dispersal in Neotropical Forests

Abstract

Tamarins are small-bodied Neotropical primates that mainly feed on ripe fruits and insects, and supplement their diet with plant exudates, nectar, fungi and vertebrate prey. They are important seed dispersers in Neotropical forests as they are able to disperse a large number of small and medium-sized seeds from parental trees. In this paper, we describe the diet of the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) and its role as seed disperser in a fragmented landscape in Colombia. During a twelve month period, we collected data on activity patterns, ranging behavior and feeding ecology, as well as on habitat-wide forest productivity. S. leucopus fed from >95 plant species and spent 17% of their time feeding. We found a positive relationship between fruit consumption and ripefruit availability. Dietary diversity increased during periods of fruit scarcity, when the tamarins fed more on insects and exudates. During periods of fruit scarcity, they relied more heavily on the borders of forest fragments and made occasional incursions into adjacent fragments across a matrix of pastures. They used larger areas and had larger overlapping home ranges during periods of fruit scarcity. We recovered at least 44 species of seeds effectively dispersed by tamarins, including small and medium-sized seeds (range <1-26 mm). Seeds were dispersed up to 500m from parent trees across a wide diversity of habitat types. This study provides further evidence on the important role small-bodied frugivorous primates play in the recovery of forest connectivity and in the maintenance of tropical forest diversity in human-impacted landscapes.

Exploratory analysis of key factors in the habitat use of a Neotropical primate in an urban environment: The White-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus, Callitrichidae)

“…Therefore, we expect that the time budget devoted to resting or other social interactions is even higher. This differs from tamarins in rural areas where feeding and moving are the most prevalent behaviors (Rueda-Campiño et al 2011; Zorrilla Aguirre and Ospina Serna 2014; De Luna et al 2016). Likewise, urban macaques spend more time grooming and playing than feeding due to easy access to provisioned food, and reduced need of effort and time to seek food (Jaman and Huffman 2013).…”

“…(the third most consumed), indicating that the selection of plant species for feeding is determined by both abundance and preference. The omnivorous diet of S. leucopus is highly exible (DeLuna et al 2016;Poveda et al 2004), and adaptable to temporal and special variations, thus endowing this species with an intrinsic ability to adapt to urban matrices.…”