Behavior and potential threats to survival of migrating lamprey ammocoetes and macrophthalmia

Abstract

(2014) 'Behavior and potential threats to survival of migrating lamprey ammocoetes and macrophthalmia.', Reviews in sh biology and sheries., 25 (1). pp. 103-116. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9372-8Publisher's copyright statement:The nal publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9372-8Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: Upon metamorphosis, anadromous juvenile lamprey (macrophthalmia) exhibit distinct migration behaviors that take them from larval rearing habitats in streams to the open ocean. While poorly studied, lamprey larvae (ammocoetes) also engage in downstream movement to some degree. Like migrating salmon smolts, lamprey macrophthalmia undergo behavioral changes associated with a highly synchronized metamorphosis. Unlike salmon smolts, the timing of juvenile migration in lamprey is protracted and poorly documented. Lamprey macrophthalmia and ammocoetes are not strong swimmers, attaining maximum individual speeds of less than 1 m s 1, and sustained speeds of less than 0.5 m s 1. They are chiefly nocturnal and distribute throughout the water column, but appear to concentrate near the bottom in the thalweg of deep rivers. At dams and irrigation diversions, macrophthalmia can become impinged on screens or entrained in irrigation canals, suffer increased predation, and experience physical injury that may result in direct or delayed mortality. The very structures designed to protect migrating juvenile salmonids can be harmful to juvenile lamprey. Yet at turbine intakes and spillways, lampreys, which have no swim bladder, can withstand changes in pressure and shear stress large enough to injure or kill most teleosts. Lamprey populations are in decline in many parts of the world, with some species designated as species of concern for conservation that merit legally mandated protections. Hence, provisions for safe passage of juvenile lamprey are being considered at dams and water diversions in North America and Europe.Response to Reviewers: I have made the suggested changes to the figures and acknowledgements section. I agree that the two photos can be combined on one figure and that has been done and the text has been revised to reflect this change. All of the figures have been re-done as suggested and in each case Times New Roman font (16 pt) was used for axis titles (14 pt for axis labels). 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3...

Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA

“…Of the 34 lamprey species in the Northern Hemisphere, 10 are endangered, 9 are vulnerable, and one is extinct (Renaud, 1997;Moser et al, 2014). The documented detrimental effects of contaminants on lamprey in other parts of the world, effects of contamination on anadromous salmonid health in the Pacific Northwest, along with the concentrations of concern measured in this study, suggest that water quality and contamination could be playing an important role in the observed decline of Pacific lampreys in the Columbia River Basin.…”

“…Lampreys collected from the Yakima River Basin were predominately western brook lamprey (Eubucco richardsoni), since Pacific lampreys were not readily available at those three study sites (out of 26 total sites). Although western brook lampreys are not anadromous, the two species are thought to have a similar life history during their larval stage (Kostow, 2002;Moser et al, 2014). This study focused on Pacific lampreys, for which western brook lampreys were considered to be a surrogate.…”

“…Perhaps because of their unusual appearance and the fact that invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) have caused extensive ecological problems in the Laurentian Great Lakes (e.g., Coble et al, 1990;Bryan et al, 2005), Pacific lampreys have received relatively little concern from non-tribal peoples compared to other Pacific Northwest sentinel species such as salmonids, and have not been a fisheries management priority in the United States (Close et al, 2002) until recently (CRITFC, 2011;Luzier et al, 2011). Reasons for their precipitous declines include passage difficulties at hydroelectric dams and irrigation diversions during upstream and downstream migrations as adults and juveniles (Close et al, 1995;Mesa et al, 2003;Streif, 2008;Moser et al, 2014), habitat loss and degradation, declines of marine host fish (Murauskas et al, 2012), and historical management actions such as intentional kills (Jackson and Kissner, 1997).…”

Effects of passive integrated transponder (PIT) implantation on Pacific lamprey ammocoetes

“…Our field and laboratory observations of growth provide initial insight into individual variation that may or may not be the product of artificial holding. In addition, PIT tagging of ammocoetes will potentially allow documentation of losses to impingement or entrainment in water abstraction schemes, passage rates through various routes at dams and other barriers to movement, and losses to avian or piscine predators (reviewed in [28]). The successful conservation and restoration of imperiled lampreys worldwide, as well as control of invasive sea lamprey in the Laurentian Great Lakes, will undoubtedly benefit from use of these new transponders.…”

Abiotic triggers for sea and river lamprey spawning migration and juvenile outmigration in the River Rhine, Germany

“…This point is still very much an open question in the literature (Moser et al, 2015;Potter, 1980), and the triggers responsible for initiating active downstream migration are not known in detail. This point is still very much an open question in the literature (Moser et al, 2015;Potter, 1980), and the triggers responsible for initiating active downstream migration are not known in detail.…”