Behavior, Development, and Predation of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed Transgenic and Conventional Cotton Cultivars

Abstract

The association of insect-resistant plants with biological control is important in integrated management to reduce the density of pests below the economic injury level. The behavior, development, and prédation of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were studied with the prey Spodoptera frugiperda (J, E. Smith, 1797) fed on the leaves of the cotton cultivars 'NuOpal' (transgenic), 'DeltaOpal,' 'EMX 910,' 'EMX 993,' or 'FMX 996' (conventional). The attraction of P. nigrispinus to S. frugiperda larvae fed on different cotton cultivars was similar. The prédation of nymphs and adults, and the life cycle of the P. nigrispinus predator were higher for S. frugiperda larvae fed on the NuOpal; however, the total viability of P, nigrispinus was lower when predating on S. frugiperda fed the NuOpal. S, frugiperda acquires toxins from transgenic cotton, which can affect its natural predator P. nigrispinus.

Direct and Indirect Effect of Bt Cotton and No Bt Cotton on the Development and Reproduction of the Predator <i>Podisus nigrispinus</i> (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

“…However, the longevity of adults was significantly lower when compared to the longevity of the adults obtained in the direct effect experiment. [19] also observed a negative effect on longevity, reproduction and viability of P. nigrispinus when the predator fed on prey fed on Bt cotton plants. This low longevity in the indirect effect experiment was probably due to the food quality provided to the predators, since in the first case (direct effect) T. molitor pupae were offered, while in the second experiment (indirect effect) were offered S. frugiperda caterpillars fed on transgenic and no Bt cotton leaves were offered.…”

<b>Effect of the flavonoid rutin on the biology of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The methodology proposed by Cruz (2000) with adjustments (Jesus et al, 2014) was used to obtain the S. frugiperda larvae. Briefly, male and female moths were maintained in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes (10 cm diameter; 21.5 cm height) that were internally coated with bond paper sheets for egg laying and covered with voile at the top to prevent insect escape.…”

“…Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous species that infests cotton (Campos, Boiça-Júnior, Valério Filho, Campos, & Campos, 2012;Jesus, Boiça Junior, Alves, & Zanuncio, 2014), rice, millet, sorghum (Busato et al, 2004), soybean (Boiça Junior, Souza, Neves, Ribeiro, & Stout, 2015) and other crops. In Brazil, one of the factors that contribute to failures in the control of S. frugiperda is the large number of hosts caused by the succession of crops with different phenologies (Sá, Fonseca, Boregas, & Waquil, 2009;Barros, Torres, & Bueno, 2010).…”

“…Spodoptera frugiperda control has been mainly performed with chemical insecticides (Yu, Nguyen, & Abo-Elghar, 2003 and the use of plant metabolites with insecticidal effects have shown promising results in integrated pest management programs (Pereira et al, 2002;Hoffmann-Campo, Ramos Neto, Oliveira, & Oliveira, 2006;Jesus et al, 2014). Resistance can be express by morphological characteristics or the presence of chemical metabolites (allelochemicals), such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols etc., present in the plants (Piubelli, Campo, Moscardi, Miyakubo, & Oliveira, 2005;Hoffmann-Campo et al, 2006;Magarelli, Lima, Silva, Souza, & Castro, 2014).…”

Genetically modified soybean expressing insecticidal protein (Cry1Ac): Management risk and perspectives

“…De Jesus et al (2014) observed that the predation of nymphs and adults, and the effects on the life cycle of the predator Podisus nigrispinus were higher on S. frugiperda larvae fed with NuOpal (Cry1Ac); however, the total viability of P. nigrispinus was lower when predating on S. frugiperda fed with NuOpal (transgenic cultivar). Spodoptera frugiperda acquires toxins from transgenic cotton, which can affect its natural predator P. nigrispinus.…”