Behavior Evaluation of Bituminous Mixtures Reinforced with Nano-Sized Additives: A Review

Abstract

This article presents a comparative review of the most commonly used nano-additives for bituminous mixtures: nanoclays (NC), nanosilicates, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), nano-calcium oxide (CaO), and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2). In this study, the mechanical behavior of the obtained additive mixture is evaluated. According to the revised literature, the results strongly depend on type, concentration, and dispersal of used nano-additive. In fact, it has been seen that simple shear mixing followed by sonication homogenizes the distribution of the nanoparticles within the bituminous matrix and favors the bonds’ formation. The viscosity of the mixture of bitumen with nanoparticles improves with the increase of the percentage of additive added: it indicates a potential improvement to permanent deformation and rutting. Another benefit is an increased resistance of the binder to aging. Furthermore, it has been shown that the nanoparticles are able to prolong the service life of a bituminous mixture by means of various interdependent chemical–physical mechanisms that can influence the resistance to fatigue failure or the ability to self-heal. However, the effectiveness of these improvements depends on the particle type, added quantity and mixing technique, and the tests carried out.

Bus Lane Design Based on Actual Traffic Loads and Climate Conditions

“…It affects both bound and unbound road materials. Traffic and environmental conditions cause rutting [56][57][58], and high temperatures make the mix more deformable and favourable to plastic deformations. In this study, the adopted rutting model complies with [22] Equation (15):…”

Mini-Review on the Application of Nanomaterials in Improving Anti-Aging Properties of Asphalt

“…Nanomaterial modifiers, a class of special materials, are an effective solution for asphalt aging. − For instance, with nanozinc oxide (nano-ZnO) particles incorporated into asphalt, the mass loss and viscosity aging index of modified asphalt are lower than that of unmodified asphalt after UV aging processes. − Furthermore, the introduction of nano-ZnO particles and expanded vermiculite improves the asphalt resistance to thermo-oxidative and UV aging at the same time, significantly retarding the properties deterioration rates of the modified asphalt. ,− Actually, since the last decades, nanomaterials had increased interest from researchers who devoted themselves to improving the durability of asphalt pavement, and a series of studies have been conducted. − The investigation results show that until now, there have been more than 22, 800 scientific papers (including articles, books, and reports) about applying nanomaterials to modify asphalt. Further, to comprehensively understand nanomaterial modification effects and provide promising development directions, some reviews have been published since 2013. ,− ,− The related information has been investigated and is summarized in Table . It can be seen that the introduction of nanomaterial modifiers and preparation methods, characterization techniques, and performances of nanomaterial-modified asphalt are the focus of these reviews.…”

“…It can be seen that the introduction of nanomaterial modifiers and preparation methods, characterization techniques, and performances of nanomaterial-modified asphalt are the focus of these reviews. In terms of the effects of nanomaterials on asphalt aging, although it was mentioned in several reviews, the topic was not discussed sufficiently. − ,− For that, Filippi et al mainly discussed the effects of nanohydrated lime, layered silicates, and layered double hydroxides on the aging resistance of asphalt . In the review of Crucho et al, the aging resistance of nanomaterial-modified asphalt binders and mixtures were analyzed, while the discussions were limited to nanoclay, nanosilica, and nanoiron .…”

“…35 In the review of Crucho et al, the aging resistance of nanomaterialmodified asphalt binders and mixtures were analyzed, while the discussions were limited to nanoclay, nanosilica, and nanoiron. 49 Therefore, the application of some critical nanomaterial modifiers, such as nano-ZnO particles and multi-dimensional nanomaterial modifiers, especially for emerging composited modifiers, was understated, and there was no specific 39 2017 Introduction of used nanomaterial modifiers, characterization and testing techniques, and performances of nanomaterialmodified asphalt Filippi et al 35 2018 Effects of nanohydrated lime, layered silicates, and layered double hydroxides on aging resistance of asphalt Ashish and Singh 50 2019 Introduction of nanomaterial modifiers, performance characterization methods, and performances of nanomaterial-modified asphalt Crucho et al 49 2019 Mechanical performance, aging resistance, and simple cost analysis of nanomaterial-modified asphalt mixture Caputo et al 51 2020 Performances of conventional and functionalized nanoparticle-modified asphalt and perspectives and cost analysis Fusco et al 48 2020 Mechanical behavior of nanoclays, nanosilicates, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, nanocalcium oxide, and nanotitanium dioxide-modified asphalt mixtures Haq et al 47 2020 Synthesis methods of carbon nanotubes and their dispersion techniques and effects on performances of asphalt Yang et al 38 2020 Preparation parameters, microstructures, internal reaction mechanisms, and performances of layered silicate-modified asphalt…”

Mechanical Characteristics of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Modified Asphalt Mixes: A Comparison with Polymer- and Not-Modified Asphalt Mixes

“…For these reasons, in recent decades research has focused on chemical products able to increase durability and improve mechanical properties of pavements. The most frequently studied products are fibers [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], rubber [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], and a wide variety of additives (e.g., polymer, iron powder, hydrated lime, glass wastages [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]) and, more recently, nanomaterials [ 16 , 17 ]. Nanotechnology deals with the sub-nanometer dimensional scale; nanoparticle has its size between 1 to 100 nm.…”