Behavior, health and environmental stress. Plenum Press, New York, 1986, 283 pp

Cohen, Steven M.; Evans, G.W.; Stokols, Daniel; Krantz, David S.

doi:10.1016/0003-6870(87)90054-8

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…For example, low-SES adults who are high in JH, which involves the use of active coping to deal with stressors that are largely uncontrollable, have higher blood pressure, greater total peripheral resistance, and greater risk of hypertension than do low-SES adults who are rated low on active coping (James et al, 1992; Wright, Treiber, Davis, & Strong, 1996). The present results are consistent with these findings and suggest the need for further research that elucidates the mediating mechanisms responsible for the physiological costs associated with active coping (Chen & Miller, 2012; Cohen, Evans, Stokols, & Krantz, 1986). Clearly, refined analyses of indices of coping that underlie the results presented here are needed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Is Resilience Only Skin Deep?

Brody

Chen³

et al. 2013

Psychol Sci

275

134

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Many African American youth may develop high levels of allostatic load (AL), a measure of physiological wear and tear on the body as a function of developing psychosocial competence under conditions of high SES-related risk. The current study was designed to test hypotheses based on John Henryism theory about such physiological costs. We tested these hypotheses with a representative sample of 489 African American youth living in the rural South. Cumulative SES-related risks and teacher-reported competence were assessed when the youth were 11 to 13 years of age; depressive symptoms, externalizing behavior, and AL were assessed at age 19. The results revealed that rural African American preadolescents who evinced high psychosocial competence under conditions of high cumulative SES-related risk displayed low levels of adjustment problems along with high AL at age 19. These results suggest that, for many rural African Americans, resilience may indeed be only “skin deep.”

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Is Resilience Only Skin Deep?

Brody

Chen³

et al. 2013

Psychol Sci

275

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These findings were not consistent with the findings of the Los Angeles Airport Study ͑LAAS͒: children who perceived their classroom to be noisier had higher diastolic blood pressures than those who perceived their classroom as less noisy; children reporting that they were bothered by classroom noise, had higher diastolic blood pressures. 5 Both the TMS and Speedwell study, investigating the association between road traffic noise and blood pressure in adults, found a negative association between annoyance and blood pressure: as annoyance increased, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased, 26,27 which was consistent with our results.…”

Section: Annoyance: An Intermediate Step?supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our findings were not quite consistent with these psychological models of stress and with findings from earlier studies which suggest that subjective environmental assessments make a significant contribution to the prediction of stress outcomes. 5 Given our results and the results of adult studies, it is also possible that the effects of noise on blood pressure might be accounted for by other mechanisms than the appraisal of noise: the combined exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise might have affected both children's blood pressure and annoyance response. Or maybe there is some kind of compensatory effort FIG.…”

Section: F Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…15 In relation to noise, blood pressure elevations can be regarded as a non-specific response, typically associated with stress which is hypothesized to arise either as a consequence of the activation of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system or as a consequence of the appraisal of noise. 5,33 In this paper we have investigated whether psychological models of stress, which suggest that subjective environmental assessments make a significant contribution to the prediction of blood pressure and where appraisal is an important process, can explain our findings. Our findings were not quite consistent with these psychological models of stress and with findings from earlier studies which suggest that subjective environmental assessments make a significant contribution to the prediction of stress outcomes.…”

Section: F Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The role of annoyance in the relation between transportation noise and children’s health and cognition

Kempen

Kamp

Nilsson

et al. 2010

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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On the basis of this study it cannot be ruled out that the appraisal of the noise affects the association between air and road traffic noise exposure and children's health and cognition. However, the conclusion is limited due to the relatively small group of annoyed children, which may have influenced our group comparisons. Furthermore, the observed relation between annoyance and perceived health is possibly biased due to the fact that both were measured within the same questionnaire. These are the main conclusions of a cross-sectional multi-center study carried out among 2,844 schoolchildren (age 9-11 years) attending 89 primary schools around three European airports. The aim was to investigate how annoyance affects the relation between air and road traffic noise exposure and children's health and cognition. Different, sometimes competing, working mechanisms of how noise affects children's health are suggested. Some effects are supposed to be precipitated through (chronic) stress, while others may arise directly. There is still no theory that can adequately account for the circumstances in which noise will affect cognitive performance.

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“…The role of moderating and mediating variables in environment and behaviour research has been previously discussed in a number of publications (see e.g. Cohen et al, 1986;Evans and Lepore, 1997). An important implication of this finding is that any measure aimed at increasing walking and cycling via improved traffic safety only will be effective if parents' experience of traffic safety is improved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%